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 1859 - 1862 (2 years)
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Date |
Event(s) |
| 1 | 1859 | - 1859: UK - Charles Darwin's book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection or the Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life asserts that all life had a common ancestor and that the origin of species was natural selection
- 1859: UK - Palmerston brings his second Liberal government to power.
- 1859: UK - Samuel Smiles' Self-Help published
- 1859: CA - Abraham Shadd is elected to the town council in Raleigh, Ontario and becomes the first Black elected to public office.
- 1859: CA - William Hall, born in Hants County, Nova Scotia, becomes the first Nova Scotian and the first Black to win the Victoria Cross for Bravery in the war. The Victoria Cross is the highest military honour in the Commonwealth of Nations.
- 1859: US - De Stoeckl returns to U.S. from St. Petersburg with authority to negotiate the sale of Alaska.
- 1859: CA - McGowan's War, a juridicial and political crisis in the Fraser River goldfieldsinvolving a spillover of San Francisco politics into British territory, has the potential to escalate into an annexationist uprising but is settled peaceably. Marines and Royal Engineers are dispatched to Yale, led by Colonel Clement Francis Moody and escorting Justice Matthew Baillie Begbie to resolve the matter, which ends amicably, and reassert British sovereignty over the fledgling Mainland Colony.
- 1859: CA - Lyman Cutler, an American settler, homesteads on San Juan Island in defiance of British claims and triggers off the Pig War.
- 1859: NL - De eerste (verharde) grindweg wordt aangelegd van Klinkmolenbrug, via Noordbarge tot Emmen en via Odoorn naar Gieten. M.Middelveldt wordt nu genoemd als loper voor de posterijen van Borger naar Emmen en terug.
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| 2 | 1860 | - 1860: UK - Joseph Wilson Swan invented the light bulb, an incandescent lamp using a carbon filament.
- 1860: UK - Gladstone's budget and the Anglo-French Cobden Treaty codifies and extends the principles of free trade
- 1860: NL - Officiële afschaffing van de slavernij in Nederlandsch-Indië.
- 1860: NL - Hiddingh koopt het hele Compascuum inclusief de kosten voor fl 89.252,--
- 27 Jun 1860: CA - The first Queen's Plate race is held in Toronto
- 25 Aug 1860: CA - Montreal's Victoria Bridge opens
- 1 Sep 1860: CA - The construction of the Canadian House of Commons began. The cornerstone of the Parliament buildings is laid this day.
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| 3 | 1861 | - 1861: UK - Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis published his deduction that childbirth fever was transmitted on the hands of doctors during their examinations
- 1861: UK - Death of Prince Albert, Prince Consort
- 1861: Australia - Women first given vote
- 1861: USA - Abraham Lincoln president of the USA 1861-1865.
- 1861: USA - Elisha Otis patents elevator safety brakes, creating a safer elevator.
- 1861: USA - Linus Yale invents the Yale lock or cylinder lock.
- 1861: USA - American Civil War (to 1865)
- 1861: CA -Viscount Monck becomes Governor-General.
- 1861: CA - Joseph Howe became Premier of Nova Scotia
- 1861: CA - Dr. Anderson Ruffin Abbott becomes the first Canadian Born Black to graduate from medical school.
- 1861: CA - The Cariboo Gold Rush starts in British Columbia.
- 14 Apr 1861: CA - A major flood hits Montreal
- 15 Apr 1861: CA - Nova Scotia: resolution for provincial union by Joseph Howe for referral to the other British North American provinces in July.
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| 4 | 1862 | - 1862: France - Louis Pasteur published the germ theory: infection is caused by self-replicating microorganisms, and that attenuated viral cultures granted immunity. These beneficent antigens he named vaccines in honor of Edward Jenner and his vaccinia virus
- 1862: UK - Parliament passes the Limited Liability Act in order to provide vital stimulus to accumulation of capital in shares
- 1862: UK - Alexander Parkes invents the first man-made plastic, Parkesine.
- 1862: UK - Dr. Richard Gatling patents the machine gun.
- 1862: CA - The first female student is accepted into Mount Allison University in Sackville, New Brunswick
- 1862: CA/US - Smallpox sweeps through Fort Victoria area and down the length of the northwest coast, killing an estimated 200,000 Indian people - William Duncan, an Anglican missionary on the northwest coast, establishes the village of Metlakatla with 50 Tsimshian followers, who adopt the Christian faith and a European lifestyle. By 1880, more than 1,000 converts live there.
- 7 Apr 1862: US/UK - United Kingdom-United States treaty for suppression of African slave trade is signed
- 20 May 1862: CA - Macdonald-Cartier government falls. Free interprovincial trade granted by the Crown
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