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 1809 - 1834 (24 years)
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Date |
Event(s) |
| 1 | 1809 | - 1809: UK - Two-year commercial boom in Britain
- 1809: USA - James Madison president of the USA 1809-1817.
- 1809: UK - Sir Humphry Davy invents the first electric light - the first arc lamp.
- 1809: UK - Grain famine each of the years to 1812
- 1809: US - Tecumseh, Shawnee chief, and the Prophet campaign to unite tribes of the Great Lakes, Ohio Valley, and Southeast against the United States. His brother Tenskwatawa, the Shawnee Prophet, is defeated at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811.
- 1809: US - For the next 24 years, Sequoyah single-handedly creates a Cherokee syllabic alphabet so that his people's language can be written.
- 1809: US - American President James Madison reinstates the embargo on British trade.
- 3 Nov 1809: CA - John Molson's steam-boat Accommodation starts for Quebec City. It is 85 feet over all, has a 6 horse-power engine, makes the distance in 36 hours, but stops at night and reaches Quebec on November 6. The Accommodation is the second steam-boat in America and, probably, in the world.
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| 2 | 1810 | - 1810: UK - Final illness of George III begins
- 1810: Germany - Frederick Koenig invents an improved printing press.
- 1810: UK - Over the next decade the death rate in England and Wales reaches 21.1 in 1000
- 1810: US - War Hawks advocate war with Britain, which has been harassing American shipping.
- 1810: NL - Het Koninkrijk Holland wordt bij Frankrijk ingelijfd.
- Mar 1810: CA - Le Canadien of Quebec is suppressed, for "seditious utterances." Soldiers, led by a magistrate, seize the plant and apprehend the printer. Warrants to arrest Bedard, Taschereau, Papineau, Viger and others are issued. The Governor asks: "During the fifty years you have been under British rule, has one act of oppression, one instance of arbitrary imprisonment, of violation of property, or of the rights of conscience ever occurred?"
- 26 Nov 1810: CA - John Molson asks the exclusive right to construct and navigate steam-boats, on the St. Lawrence, for 15 years.
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| 3 | 1811 | - 1811: UK - Depression caused by Orders of Council.
- 1811: UK - George III's illness leads to his son, the Prince of Wales, becoming Regent
- 1811: UK - Ned Ludd leads rioters who smash machinery, burn factories, followers known as Luddites
- 1811: UK - Birth rate falls all over England during the next 20 years
- 1811: US - Buildup to war. President James Madison, in his message to Congress, says: "We have seen the British Cabinet not only persist, in refusing satisfaction demanded for the wrongs we have already suffered, but it is extending to our own waters that blockade, which is become a virtual war against us, through a stoppage of our legitimate commerce."
- 1811: NL - De Engelsen veroveren Java als laatste kolonie van Holland.
- 1811: NL - Invoering van de burgerlijke stand en kadaster.
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| 4 | 1812 | - 1812: France - Georges Cuvier, in Discours sur les révolutions de la surface du globe, maintained the stratigraphic succession proved that fossils occur in the chronological order of creation: fish, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals.
- 1812: UK - Prime Minister Spencer Perceval is assassinated in the House of Commons by a disgruntled bankrupt
- 1812: Russia - Napoleon attacks Russia, defeated
- 1812: London, UK - Cylinder Printing press invented and adopted by The Times
- 1812: USA - War of 1812: United States vs Great Britain 1812-1815.
- 1812: US/UK/FR - The Americans gain several victories, on the water, as Napoleon engages the British attention.
- 1812: CA/US - The United States calls out 175,000 men, Canada 2,000.
- 1812: NL - Tocht naar Rusland.
- 18 Jun 1812: CA/US/UK - The U.S. declares war on Britain, beginning the War of 1812. There are but 4,000 British troops in Canada. Sir George Prevost is Governor. Four Canadian battalions are assembled, and the Citadel at Quebec is guarded by the inhabitants.
- 11 Jul 1812: CA/US - Americans under General William Hull invade Canada from Detroit.
- 16 Aug 1812: CA/US - Sir Isaac Brock with a force of 1,350, nearly half Indians, takes Detroit. He paroles many of Hull's 2,000.
- 20 Aug 1812: CA - Launch of John Molson's second steamboat, the Swiftsure, at Montreal.
- Oct 1812: CA/US - Almost half of Vermont's Legislators regard war as needless and impolitic; but Vermont imposes a penalty of $1,000 for every unauthorized communication with Canadians.
- 13 Oct 1812: CA/US - Stephen Van Rensselaer's command is repulsed, on Queenston Heights by Gen. Sheaffe and Governor Brock, who is killed. Of the 10,000 under Van Rensselaer, many were unwilling to invade, though willing to defend the United States.
- 13 Oct 1812: CA/US - Fighting on the same side as British militia and Mohawk Indians, a group of black soldiers helps force American invaders to retreat in the Battle of Queenston Heights.
- 25 Oct 1812: CA/US - Battle at St. Regis.
- 20 Nov 1812: CA/US - Henry Dearborn's command cross the Lacolle. Charles de Salaberry eludes them, and, in the haze, U.S. troops fire upon each other.
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| 5 | 1813 | - 1813: UK - Canned food was invented for the British Navy by Peter Durand. The cans were made of solid iron and usually weighed more than the food inside them
- 1813: UK - Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice is published.
- 1813: India - The monopolies of the East India Company are abolished
- 1813: Portugal - British victory at Battle of Vittorio
- 1813: UK - 2300 power looms in use, by 1833 - 100,000
- 1813: USA - Creek War: United States vs Creek Indians 1813-1814.
- 1813: CA - Quebec City has a shipping year involving 198 vessels, of 46,514 tons.
- 1813: NL - De Fransen verlaten ons land. Koning Willem I aanvaardt de soevereiniteit als constitutioneel vorst.
- 22 Jan 1813: CA/US - General Henry Proctor's 1,300 British and Indians capture 495 U.S. troops, under General Winchester.
- 7 Feb 1813: CA/US - Battle of Elizabethtown.
- 27 Apr 1813: CA/US - Battle of York: The Americans, under Henry Dearborn, take York, but the explosion of a magazine kills many of them. Americans burn York.
- 5 May 1813: CA/US - Battle of Fort George.
- 1 Jun 1813: US/UK - The English frigate "Shannon" takes the "Chesapeake," in 15 minutes, off Boston.
- 3 Jun 1813: US/UK - The "Growler" and the "Eagle," which left Plattsburg, yesterday, are taken by the British gun-boats they pursued
- 7 Jun 1813: CA/US - Capture of Generals Chandler and Winder and 120 U.S. troops, at Burlington Heights, by Lieut. Col. Harvey. The Battle of Stoney Creek is a Canadian victory.
- 23 Jun 1813: CA/US - Battle of Beaver Dams is a Canadian victory, in part due to Laura Secord's famous 32 km. walk to warn Lieutenant James Fitzgibbon, who had already been warned by Indians.
- 30 Jul 1813: US/UK - The British destroy Plattsburg's barracks, and fire at Burlington, but avoid the reply.
- 10 Sep 1813: CA - The Battle of Put-in-Bay (Lake Erie) is an American victory vs. Great Britain. This ensured American control of the lake for the remainder of the war, which in turn allowed the Americans to recover Detroit and win the Battle of the Thames to break the Indian confederation of Tecumseh.
- 5 Oct 1813: US - The Battle of Moraviantown, also known as the Battle of the Thames, is an American victory. British supporter and Shawnee Indian Chief Tecumseh is killed.
- 25 Oct 1813: CA/US - The Battle of Chateauguay, with mostly French-Canadian soldiers is a Canadian victory over larger numbers of American troops.
- 26 Oct 1813: CA/US - General Hampton, commanding 7,000 U.S. troops, ignorant of Col. Charles de Salaberry's experience, and expecting French desertions, divides his force. Part lose their way; the rest spend their strength in a maze of obstructions. De Salaberry gains the thanks of the commander-in-chief and of both Houses, and decoration by then Prince Regent George IV .
- 11 Nov 1813: CA/US - The Battle of Crysler's Farm, with English-Canadian soldiers, is a Canadian victory over larger American troops.
- 19 Dec 1813: CA/US - Col. Murray takes Fort Niagara.
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| 6 | 1814 | - 1814: France - Napoleon abdicates, exiled to Isle of Elba
- 1814: UK - George Stephenson designs a steam locomotive.
- 1814: UK - Joseph Nicéphore Niépce was the first person to take a photograph.
- 1814: Germany - Joseph von Fraunhofer invents the spectrocope for the chemical analysis of glowing objects.
- 1814: UK - The first plastic surgery is performed
- 1814: NL - Op 23 mei geven de Fransen hun laatste steunpunt, Delfzijl, op.
- 6 May 1814: CA/US - The British, under Henry Drummond, burn Fort Oswego, on Lake Ontario.
- 5 Jul 1814: CA/US - The Battle of Chippawa was a victory for the American army in the War of 1812, during an invasion of Upper Canada along the Niagara River. It was the first victory for American soldiers against an equal British force in the field.
- 25 Jul 1814: CA/US - The United States lose about 1,000 of 3,000 at the Battle of Lundy's Lane.
- Aug 1814: CA - 4,000 of Wellington's veterans have reached Canada.
- Aug 1814: US/UK - General Ross takes Washington, D.C.
- Aug 1814: US/UK - At New Orleans, sharp-shooters, behind cotton bales, repulse the British.
- Aug 1814: US/UK - Envoys consider terms of peace, at Ghent.
- 1 Aug 1814: US/UK - until Nov.5, The Siege of Fort Erie was one of the last engagements between British and American forces during the Niagara campaign of the War of 1812. The Americans successfully defended Fort Erie against the British Army, but subsequently abandoned it.
- 11 Aug 1814: US/UK - The Battle of Plattsburgh, also known as the Battle of Lake Champlain, ended the final invasion of the northern states during the War of 1812. Fought shortly before the signing of the Treaty of Ghent, the American victory denied the British leverage to demand exclusive control over the Great Lakes and any territorial gains against the New England states. Contrary to some beliefs, the Battle was decided by the naval engagement. The American victory on the lake forced Prevost to turn his army around
- 12 Sep 1814: US/UK - An expedition of 11,000 under Governor George Prevost, supplied to winter at Plattsburg, N.Y., seeing its fleet dispersed and the enemy gathering, retreats, abandoning stores. In 1813, Wellington desired that Prevost should not abandon his policy of defence for petty advantages, to be gained by invasion, which he could not possibly maintain.
- Oct 1814: US - Martin Chittenden, Governor of Vermont, regards the war "as unnecessary, unwise and hopeless, in all its offensive operations."
- 22 Dec 1814: US/UK - Treaty of Commerce, between the U.S. and Great Britain, signed at Ghent.
- 24 Dec 1814: US/UK - Treaty of Ghent ends the War of 1812.
- 27 Dec 1814: US/UK - Then Prince Regent George IV ratifies both treaties. One relates to boundaries and the slave trade.
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| 7 | 1815 | - 1815: Europe - Peace is established in Europe at the Congress of Vienna.
- 1815: UK - The Corn Laws are passed by Parliament to protect British agriculture from cheap imports
- 1815: UK - Start of two-year commercial boom in Britain
- 1815: UK - England has now 2600 miles of canals, 500 in Scotland and Ireland; China clippers take 109 days to sail 15000 miles from Canton to English Channel; Britain's population estimated at 13 million; Britain imports 82 million pounds of raw cotton, by 1860 1000 million pounds; coal output 16 million tons (30 miillion by 1835, 50 million by 1848)
- 1815: UK - Sir Humphry Davy invents the miner's lamp.
- 1815: UK - Over the next fifteen years, five new states are founded along Mississippi Valley, mostly due to people fleeing Depression; more go to Canada, as many as 20,000 some years, frequently Scots
- 1815: NL - Willem I, koning der Nederlanden.
- 1815: NL - Slag bij Waterloo.
- Jan 1815: US/UK - Unaware of the Treaty of Ghent, Gen. Andrew Jackson (1767-1845) wins an overwhelming victory at the Battle of New Orleans.
- 18 Feb 1815: CA/US/UK - The United States ratify Treaties, signed in December, 1814.
- Mar 1815: Elba, France - Napoleon escapes, leads French in war once more
- Mar 1815: CA - Parliament votes 25,000 pounds for a canal from Montreal to Lachine.
- 25 Mar 1815: CA/UK - Governor George Prevost informs Parliament, that then-Prince Regent George IV has ordered him to England, to answer charges of the naval commander.
- 18 Jun 1815: Belgium - Duke of Wellington trounces the French at Waterloo with timely help of Blucher (Prussia)
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| 8 | 1816 | - 1816: UK - Violation of game laws can result in seven years transportation
- 1816: CA - A steam-boat is first placed on Lake Ontario.
- 1816: NL - NL - Engeland geeft de koloniën terug aan Nederland.
- 5 Jan 1816: CA/UK - Sir George Prevost dies before consideration of Commodore Yeo's charges; but the Duke of Wellington says: "He must have returned, after the fleet was beaten, I am inclined to think he was right. I have told ministers, repeatedly, that naval superiority, on the Lakes, is a sine qua non of success in war on the frontiers of Canada, even if our object should be wholly defensive."
- 19 Jun 1816: CA - After several years of harassment by agents of the North West Company, Métis and Indians under Cuthbert Grant kill Robert Semple, governor of the Red River settlement, and twenty others at the Battle of Seven Oaks.
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| 9 | 1817 | - 1817: UK - Economic slump in Britain leads to the 'Blanketeers' March' and other disturbances
- 1817: USA - James Monroe president of the USA 1817-1825.
- 1817: CA - Famine in Newfoundland due to poor postwar economy.
- 1817: CA - Nova Scotia population estimated at 78,345.
- 1817: NL - NL - Hongerwinter door mislukte oogst.
- 18 Feb 1817: CA - Mr. McCord reads a petition for the deepening of the St. Lawrence
- 18 Apr 1817: CA/US/UK - The Rush-Bagot Agreement limits the number of battleships on the Great Lakes and Lake Champlain to a total of eight.
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| 10 | 1818 | - 1818: UK - Mary Shelley publishes her Frankenstein
- 1818: India - Britain defeats Maratha, now effective ruler of India
- 1818: CA - Halifax and St. John's are made free ports.
- 1818: CA - Dalhousie University is established.
- 28 Aug 1818: CA - The Governor (Charles Lennox, 4th Duke of Richmond) dies of hydrophobia.
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| 11 | 1819 | |
| 12 | 1820 | - 1820: UK - A radical plot to murder the Cabinet, known as the Cato Street Conspiracy, fails
- 1820: UK - Trial of Queen Caroline, in which George IV attempts to divorce her for adultery
- 1820: UK - Death of George III, blind and insane
- 1820: UK - London's population estimated at 1,274,000
- 1820: UK - Government finances scheme to send out 6,000 settlers to Cape in South Africa
- 1820: UK - George IV, ruler of England to 1830. House of Hanover: Eldest son of George III, Prince Regent, from Feb 1811.
- 1820: CA - William Lyon Mackenzie emigrates to Canada. He served as the first mayor of the city of Toronto (1834) and was an important leader during the 1837 Upper Canada Rebellion
- 18 Jun 1820: CA - The Governor, Earl of Dalhousie, arrives.
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| 13 | 1821 | |
| 14 | 1822 | - 1822: France - First prototype Espresso machine
- 1822: Ireland - Famine in Ireland prompts migration to US and Canada
- 1822: CA/UK - Louis-Joseph Papineau, a member of the legislative assembly since 1814, travels from Montreal to England to oppose an Act of Union identifying the French Canadians as a minority without language rights. The act is not passed in the British Parliament.
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| 15 | 1823 | - 1823: UK - The Royal Academy of Music is established in London.
- 1823: UK - The British Museum is extended and extensively rebuilt to house an expanding collection
- 1823: UK - Mackintosh (raincoat) invented by Charles Mackintosh of Scotland.
- 1823: Shanawdithit, the last known Beothuk is found
- 1823: CA - Ward Chipman replaces George Stracey Smyth as Governor of New Brunswick
- 1823: CA - Peter Robinson organizes land settlements of Irish Catholics to Carelton and Lanark County, Ontario.
- 10 May 1823: CA/UK - Louis-Joseph Papineau and John Neilson are in London to present a petition of 60,000 signatures against favouring Union of the colonies
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| 16 | 1824 | - 1824: UK - The National Gallery is established
- 1824: UK - Commercial boom in Britain
- 1824: UK - Professor Michael Faraday invents the first toy balloon.
- 1824: UK - Englishman Joseph Aspdin patents Portland cement, the modern building material.
- 1824: CA - The first Welland Canal is begun, partly in response to American initiatives in the Erie Canal.
- 1824: CA - William Lyon Mackenzie establishes the Colonial Advocate.
- 1824: CA - First Lachine Canal near Montreal is completed.
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| 17 | 1825 | - 1825: UK - Nash reconstructs Buckingham Palace.
- 1825: UK - Trade Unions are legalized.
- 1825: UK - Commercial depression in Britain
- 1825: UK - The world's first railway service, the Stockton and Darlington Railway opens
- 1825: USA - John Quincy Adams president of the USA 1825-1829.
- 1825: UK - William Sturgeon invented the electromagnet.
- 1825: Settlement of Canada, Australia and New Zealand begins in earnest over the next 25 years
- 1825: CA - The Peter Robinson settlement brings 2,000 poor Irish families to Scott's Plains (now Peterborough, Ontario).
- 1825: NL - De Java oorlog. Nederland begint een offensief tegen de Javaanse Vorsten.
- 2 Jan 1825: CA - The Parliament House, at Toronto, is burned.
- 7 Sep 1825: CA - Soldiers of the 70th Regiment subdue a fire, which consumes over eighty buildings, in Montreal.
- 26 Oct 1825: CA/US - US finishes ambitious Erie Canal from Buffalo to Hudson River and New York City. It puts competitive pressure on Montreal and Toronto merchant elites to finish canals.
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| 18 | 1826 | - 1826: France - One of the first print references to fondue written by Jean-Anthelme Brillat-Savarin in his Physiologie du Gout
- 1826: France - Physicist Joseph Niepce makes the first known photograph, View from a Window at Gras, via a heliograph process on a metal plate.
- 1826: NL - Malaria maakt onder de 193.333 tellende Friesche bevolking méér dan 4.000 dodelijke slachtoffers.
- 8 Jun 1826: CA - A mob of the ruling party, the Family Compact, destroy the Colonial Advocate's press at York. William Lyon Mackenzie, publisher, prosecutes and is awarded ₤625 in damages.
- 21 Sep 1826: CA - Construction of the Rideau Canal begins.
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| 19 | 1827 | - 1827: UK - Printing press can now print 4-5000 copies/hour, 11.5 million copies of newspapers pour over Britain
- 1827: UK - Charles Wheatstone invents the microphone.
- 1827: UK - John Walker invents modern matches.
- 1827: CA - First temperance society in Canada formed in Montreal
- 1827: CA - Elections overwhelmingly in favour of the Parti Patriote much to the annoyance of the British.
- 1827: CA - 87,000 people in Lower Canada sign a petition denouncing the political abuses of the Château Clique. A group of wealthy families, mostly British merchants, in Lower Canada in the early 19th century.
- 15 Mar 1827: CA - The University of Toronto is chartered
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| 20 | 1828 | - 1828: UK - The Duke of Wellington becomes British Prime Minister
- 1828: CA - William Lyon Mackenzie elected to the Assembly with the first Reform majority.
- 1828: CA - Settlement begins in Stratford, Ontario
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| 21 | 1829 | - 1829: UK - Parliament passes the Catholic Relief Act, ending most restrictions on Catholic Civil Rights. They are allowed to own property and run for public office, including parliament
- 1829: UK - Sir Robert Peel founds the Metropolitan Police Force, constables become known as bobbies
- 1829: USA - Andrew Jackson president of the USA to 1837.
- 1829: USA - William Austin Burt patents a typographer, a predecessor to the typewriter.
- 1829: France - Louis Braille invents braille printing.
- 1829: NL - Verboden in de kerken te begraven.
- 4 Jan 1829: CA - Sir John Colborne, Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada founds Upper Canada College, as a feeder school to the newly formed University of Toronto and a home for the colony's upper class.
- 30 Nov 1829: CA - construction of the first Welland Canal is completed.
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| 22 | 1830 | |
| 23 | 1831 | - 1831: UK - Michael Faraday, in the first in a series of Experimental Researches in Electricity, discovered the means of producing electricity from magnetism, i.e., electromagnetic induction, the generation of an electric field by a changing magnetic field. This is the principle of the dynamo
- 1831: UK - Swing Riots' in rural areas against the mechanization of agricultural activities.
- 1831: UK - The new London Bridge is opened over the River Thames
- 1831: UK - Population of England and Wales now 14 million
- 1831: UK - American, Cyrus H. McCormick invents the first commercially successful reaper.
- 1831: CA - A charter for a railway, from La Prairie, Quebec to St. John's, is granted; it will be the first railway in Canada.
- 1831: CA - Male Jews were extended full political and religious rights.
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| 24 | 1832 | - 1832: UK - The first or Great Reform Act is passed. This climax of a period of political reform extends the vote to a further 500,000 people and redistributes Parliamentary seats on a more equitable basis
- 1832: UK - Cholera Act
- 1832: UK - House-breaking, sheep-stealing and forgery removed from list of capital crimes in England
- 1832: UK - Commission created to look into inhumanity of transporting prisoners to Australia, another in 1837, transportation to New South Wales finally stops in 1840
- 1832: USA - Texas Revolutionary War: Texas vs Mexico 1832-1836.
- 1832: UK - Age of Coal and Iron or The Railway Age, dooms canals and stage coaches during period to 1867. Leaders are mostly Quakers of Midlands and North: Peases, Croppers, Sturges
- 1832: CA - Attempted assassination of William Lyon Mackenzie at Hamilton.
- 1832: CA - 7 800 French-Canadians are killed by the cholera epidemic - 3,800 in Quebec and 4,000 in Montreal. Meetings of French Canadians attribute the cholera to British immigrants, 52,000 having arrived in that same year.
- 1832: CA - The City of Montreal is incorporated. Up to this point an exit port of Quebec, it becomes a port of entry.
- 1832: CA - The Rideau Canal is opened after six years of construction.
- 30 Mar 1832: CA - Bank of Nova Scotia is founded
- 21 May 1832: CA - Election riots at Montreal. Three supporters of Daniel Tracey of the Parti Patriote are shot dead by government troops. Colonel MacIntosh and Captain Temple are arrested for ordering the shooting. The next day, it is announced that Tracey is elected to the Legislative Assembly for Montreal West.
- Jun 1832: CA - The immigrant ship The Carrick arrives in Quebec filled with Irish immigrants. A few of these immigrants are ill with cholera, which becomes an epidemic in Lower Canada.
- 20 Jun 1832: CA - Eighty-eight deaths from Asiatic cholera are reported at Montreal.
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| 25 | 1833 | - 1833: UK - Abolition of Slavery throughout the British Empire.
- 1833: UK - Parliament passes the Factory Act, prohibiting children aged less than nine from working in factories, and reducing the working hours of women and older children
- 1833: UK - Start of the Oxford Movement in the Anglican Church
- 1833: CA - Royal William, formerly operating between Quebec and Halifax, becomes first steamship to cross Atlantic.
- 30 Aug 1833: UK - The United Kingdom abolishes slavery in the British West Indies.
- 19 Sep 1833: CA - Military riot at Montreal.
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| 26 | 1834 | - 1834: UK - Charles Babbage designed a programmable mechanical calculating machine, or 'analytical engine,' that could carry out arithmetic operations specified on punch cards and choose the sequence of operations. Although the design was never built, Augusta Ada Byron wrote programs to demonstrate its potential power.
- 1834: UK - Robert Owen founds the Grand National Consolidated Trade Union. The government acts against 'illegal oaths' in such unionism, resulting in the Tolpuddle Martyrs being transported to Australia
- 1834: London, UK - Fire destroys the Palace of Westminster
- 1834: UK - New Poor Law Act, object to make life in the workhouse far worse than in fields and factories
- 1834: USA - Jacob Perkins invents an early refrigerator (really an ether ice machine).
- 1834: USA - Henry Blair patents a corn planter, he is the second black person to receive a U.S. patent.
- 23 Jan 1834: CA - The Castle of St. Louis (Quebec) is burned.
- 6 Mar 1834: CA - Incorporation of Toronto, heretofore York, Upper Canada.
- 31 Jul 1834: CA/UK - At midnight July 31, slavery comes to an end in all British territories, including British North America. To honour this important event, August 1 is celebrated as Emancipation Day in Windsor, Ontario, and elsewhere.
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