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 1857 - 1861 (3 years)
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Date |
Event(s) |
| 1 | 1857 | - 1857: Atlantic - Cyrus Field made his first attempt at laying a trans-Atlantic telegraph cable. In 1866, his fourth attempt was successful.
- 1857: China - The Second Opium War opens China to European trade.
- 1857: India - The Indian Mutiny erupts against British Rule on the sub-continent
- 1857: USA - James Buchanan president of the USA 1857-1861.
- 1857: USA - George Pullman invents the Pullman Sleeping Car for train travel.
- 1857: CA - Grand Trunk Railway (Windsor-Montreal) completed, but $7 million in debt.
- 1857: CA/UK - Queen Victoria names Ottawa as capital of the Province of Canada.
- 1857: CA - The Palliser Expedition begins its exploration of Western Canada.
- 1857: CA - Coal mining begins at Coal Harbor on the Kenai Peninsula.
- 12 Mar 1857: CA - The bridge over Desjardins Canal, near Hamilton, Canada West, collapses under a Great Western Railway passenger train. About 60 people die.
- 31 Dec 1857: CA - Ottawa is chosen as the new capital of the Canadas
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| 2 | 1858 | - 1858: UK - Derby establishes his second minority government
- 1858: UK - Parliament passes the India Act
- 1858: UK - Eraser fitted to end of pencil
- 1858: UK - Jean Lenoir invents an internal combustion engine.
- 1858: UK - Hamilton Smith patents the rotary washing machine.
- 1858: CA - The Canadian government imposes revenue tariffs on US manufactured goods to pay for railroad debts.
- 1858: CA - The Halifax-Truro line begins rail service.
- 1858: CA - The Fraser Canyon Gold Rush starts, leading to the creation of the Colony of British Columbia on the Mainland and igniting the Fraser Canyon War.
- 1858: CA - The Toronto Islands are created after a fierce storm detaches the island from the mainland at the Eastern gap.
- 1858: CA - The British Columbia Provincial Police are established.
- 1858: NL - De aardappel wordt algemeen geaccepteerd als voedingsmiddel.
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| 3 | 1859 | - 1859: UK - Charles Darwin's book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection or the Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life asserts that all life had a common ancestor and that the origin of species was natural selection
- 1859: UK - Palmerston brings his second Liberal government to power.
- 1859: UK - Samuel Smiles' Self-Help published
- 1859: CA - Abraham Shadd is elected to the town council in Raleigh, Ontario and becomes the first Black elected to public office.
- 1859: CA - William Hall, born in Hants County, Nova Scotia, becomes the first Nova Scotian and the first Black to win the Victoria Cross for Bravery in the war. The Victoria Cross is the highest military honour in the Commonwealth of Nations.
- 1859: US - De Stoeckl returns to U.S. from St. Petersburg with authority to negotiate the sale of Alaska.
- 1859: CA - McGowan's War, a juridicial and political crisis in the Fraser River goldfieldsinvolving a spillover of San Francisco politics into British territory, has the potential to escalate into an annexationist uprising but is settled peaceably. Marines and Royal Engineers are dispatched to Yale, led by Colonel Clement Francis Moody and escorting Justice Matthew Baillie Begbie to resolve the matter, which ends amicably, and reassert British sovereignty over the fledgling Mainland Colony.
- 1859: CA - Lyman Cutler, an American settler, homesteads on San Juan Island in defiance of British claims and triggers off the Pig War.
- 1859: NL - De eerste (verharde) grindweg wordt aangelegd van Klinkmolenbrug, via Noordbarge tot Emmen en via Odoorn naar Gieten. M.Middelveldt wordt nu genoemd als loper voor de posterijen van Borger naar Emmen en terug.
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| 4 | 1860 | - 1860: UK - Joseph Wilson Swan invented the light bulb, an incandescent lamp using a carbon filament.
- 1860: UK - Gladstone's budget and the Anglo-French Cobden Treaty codifies and extends the principles of free trade
- 1860: NL - Officiële afschaffing van de slavernij in Nederlandsch-Indië.
- 1860: NL - Hiddingh koopt het hele Compascuum inclusief de kosten voor fl 89.252,--
- 27 Jun 1860: CA - The first Queen's Plate race is held in Toronto
- 25 Aug 1860: CA - Montreal's Victoria Bridge opens
- 1 Sep 1860: CA - The construction of the Canadian House of Commons began. The cornerstone of the Parliament buildings is laid this day.
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| 5 | 1861 | - 1861: UK - Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis published his deduction that childbirth fever was transmitted on the hands of doctors during their examinations
- 1861: UK - Death of Prince Albert, Prince Consort
- 1861: Australia - Women first given vote
- 1861: USA - Abraham Lincoln president of the USA 1861-1865.
- 1861: USA - Elisha Otis patents elevator safety brakes, creating a safer elevator.
- 1861: USA - Linus Yale invents the Yale lock or cylinder lock.
- 1861: USA - American Civil War (to 1865)
- 1861: CA -Viscount Monck becomes Governor-General.
- 1861: CA - Joseph Howe became Premier of Nova Scotia
- 1861: CA - Dr. Anderson Ruffin Abbott becomes the first Canadian Born Black to graduate from medical school.
- 1861: CA - The Cariboo Gold Rush starts in British Columbia.
- 14 Apr 1861: CA - A major flood hits Montreal
- 15 Apr 1861: CA - Nova Scotia: resolution for provincial union by Joseph Howe for referral to the other British North American provinces in July.
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