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 1897 - 1948 (50 years)
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Date |
Event(s) |
| 1 | 1897 | - 1897: UK - Queen Victoria celebrates her Diamond Jubilee
- 1897: USA - Telephone penetration in US is 7 per 1,000 people
- 1897: USA - William McKinley president of the USA 1897-1901. William McKinley dies in Buffalo, NY, 1901.
- 1897: NL - Coevorden aangesloten op het Overijsselse tramnet.
- 29 Jan 1897: CA - The Victorian Order of Nurses is founded in Ottawa and created as a gift for Queen Victoria for the purposes of home care and social services.
- 2 Feb 1897: CA - Clara Brett Martin becomes the first woman allowed to practice law in Ontario
- 19 Feb 1897: CA - World's first Women's Institute founded in Stoney Creek, Ontario
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| 2 | 1898 | - 1898: UK - Christopher Latham Sholes patented the typewriter. His QWERTY keyboard is still with us today.
- 1898: Sudan - British rule over Sudan fully established
- 1898: USA - Campbell's soups first appear with red and white labels, colors suggested by Cornell University's football uniforms.
- 1898: USA - Spanish-American War: United States vs Spain 1898.
- 1898: UK - Edwin Prescott patents the roller coaster.
- 1898: CA - The Parliament of Canada passed the Quebec Boundary Extension Act that expanded the provincial boundaries northward to include the lands of the aboriginal Cree.
- 1898: CA - White Pass and Yukon Railway opens
- 1898: CA - Kit Coleman covers the Spanish-American War as Canada's first female war correspondent
- 1898: NL - Inhuldiging van koningin Wilhelmina te Amsterdam.
- 1898: NL - De Motor Tram Omnibus van Meijer gaat rijden.
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| 3 | 1899 | - 1899: Germany - German Naval expansion begins
- 1899: South Africa - Boer War begins and lasts three years, sparked when Englishman dies in Boer police custody. Scandalous British concentration camps cause many deaths of woman and children
- 1899: Australia - Unification of Australia as Commonwealth
- 1899: UK - Judges again declare trade unions illegal
- 1899: UK - J.S. Thurman patents the motor-driven vacuum cleaner.
- 1899: UK - I.R. Johnson patents the bicycle frame.
- 1899: UK - Education is now compulsory to age 12. 1 in 8 receives education after age 14
- 1899: NL - De Transvaalse Oorlog breekt uit in Zuid-Afrika
- 20 Jan 1899: About 2000 Doukhobors arrive in Halifax, Nova Scotia. They are a Christian group of Russian origin who continue to live today in south-eastern British Columbia and Saskatchewan.
- 21 Jun 1899: CA - Treaty No. 8 cedes much of northern Alberta to the federal government
- 18 Sep 1899: CA - The new City Hall building opens in Toronto.
- 4 Oct 1899: CA - First Canadian troops sent to an overseas war (Boer War)
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| 4 | 1900 | - 1900: UK - Salisbury wins the Khaki election. The Labour Representation Committee is formed
- 1900: UK - Max Planck proposes quantum theory
- 1900: UK - There are reckoned to be 6,000 accountants in England
- 1900: China - Boxer Rebellion
- 1900: Italy - King Assassinated
- 1900: USA - Kodak Introduces $1 Brownie Cameras
- 1900: Vienna, Austria - Sigmund Freud Publishes The Interpretation of Dreams
- 1900: UK - Birmingham University founded
- 1900: Germany - The zeppelin invented by Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin.
- 1900: USA - Charles Seeberger redesigned Jesse Reno's escalator and invented the modern escalator.
- 1900: CA - The federal government doubles the head tax on Chinese immigrants
- 1900: CA - The Canadian Tuberculosis Association meets for the first time
- 18 Feb 1900: CA - Boer War: The Royal Canadian Regiment plays a decisive role in the Battle of Paardeburg over a span of 9 days.
- 26 Apr 1900: CA - Two-thirds of Hull, Quebec, is destroyed in a fire.
- 6 Dec 1900: CA - Alphonse Desjardins founds Mouvement Desjardins, the first credit union in North America.
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| 5 | 1901 | - 1901: USA - Willis H. Carrier invented the industrial air conditioner
- 1901: UK - Vacuum Cleaner invented by Hubert Cecil Booth
- 1901: Atlantic - Guglielmo Marconi sends wireless message from Cornwall to Newfoundland, a distance of over 2,000 miles
- 1901: Stockholm, Sweden - First Nobel Prizes Awarded
- 1901: USA - Theodore Roosevelt president of the USA 1901-1909. Vice president under William McKinley, he is sworn in as president upon death of McKinley.
- 1901: USA - King Camp Gillette invents the double-edged safety razor.
- 1901: UK - Edward VII, ruler of England to 1910. House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha: Eldest son of Queen Victoria, married Alexandra, Princess of Denmark.
- 1901: NL - Koningin Wilhelmina huwt Prins Hendrik, Hertog van Mecklenburg.
- 22 Jan 1901: UK - Death of Queen Victoria, aged 81, over 63 years as Queen
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| 6 | 1902 | |
| 7 | 1903 | - 1903: USA - Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright achieved flight in a manned, gasoline power-driven, heavier-than-air flying machine at Kitty Hawk.
- 1903: UK - First Silent Movie, The Great Train Robbery
- 1903: India - Plague strikes
- 1903: Ireland - Irish land purchase bill, Wyndham's Act, permits Irish to buy land from landlords with £150 million of loans included
- 1903: UK - Liverpool University, Sheffield University and Leeds University founded
- 1903: UK - Balfour's Licensing Act reduces number of houses selling alcohol
- 1903: UK - Trade depression - unemployment results; Act sets up local committees to find employment, voluntary contributions give small stipend to unemployed
- 1903: UK - Act of Parliament secures highly privileged immunity for trades unions; Labour Party formed
- 1903: UK - Free school meals for poor children, Children's Act deals with cruelty to children, prohibits imprisonment of children under 14
- 1903: UK - 72 British ships have Marconi's radio, 1912 - 450, 1914 - 879
- 1903: UK - Beginning of Old Age Pension scheme
- 1903: UK - Trade depression - unemployment results; William Beveridge publishes Unemployment, a Problem of Industry, which prompts creation of Labour Exchanges
- 1903: Europe - Louis Bleriot flies across the English Channel
- 1903: UK - Edward Binney and Harold Smith co-invent crayons.
- 1903: UK - Bottle-making machinery invented by Michael J. Owens.
- 1903: UK - Mary Anderson invents windshield wipers.
- 1903: USA - William Coolidge invents ductile tungsten used in lightbulbs.
- 1903: NL - Tram Hoogeveen-Nieuw Amsterdam rijdt voor het eerst.
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| 8 | 1904 | |
| 9 | 1905 | |
| 10 | 1906 | |
| 11 | 1907 | |
| 12 | 1908 | |
| 13 | 1909 | - 1909: UK - Pianos reach maximum market penetration in UK households at one per ten people
- 1909: UK - 800 million postcards sold in England
- 1909: Japan - Prince Ito is Assassinated
- 1909: UK - Plastic Is Invented
- 1909: Arctic - Robert Peary Becomes the First to Reach the North Pole
- 1909: USA - William Taft president of the USA 1909-1913.
- 1909: UK - Instant coffee invented by G. Washington.
- 1909: NL - Prinses Juliana geboren.
- 1909: NL - Opening N.O.L.S. spoorlijn Delfzijl-Zuidbroek.
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| 14 | 1910 | - 1910: UK - Georges Claude discovered that electricity conducted through a tube of the rare inert gas, neon, gives a bright red glow and that other gases gave off other colors, e.g., argon gives blue, helium gives yellow and white, etc.
- 1910: UK - First live opera broadcast
- 1910: UK - Halley's Comet Makes an Appearance
- 1910: UK - The Tango Catches On
- 1910: South Africa - Formation of Union of South Africa
- 1910: UK - Death of Edward VII
- 1910: UK - Population of England/Wales 36,070, Scotland - 4,761, N. Ireland - 1,251
- 1910: UK - Contributory National Insurance Scheme introduced by David Lloyd George, provides medical care, maternity benefits and sick pay
- 1910: UK - Parliament Act reduces House of Lords' veto to delaying power; House of Commons begins to pay members a stipend
- 1910: UK - There are 146,000 female clerical workers in England, up from 22,000 in 1891, 7,000 in 1881, and 19 in 1851
- 1910: USA - Thomas Edison demonstrated the first talking motion picture.
- 1910: UK - Infant mortality now 110 per 1000 live births, declines steadily to 24.4 in 1956; emigration reaches about 464,000/year; divorces average 823/year, go to 3,619/year in 1920-1922, 7,955/year in 1939 (latter rise because willful desertion, cruelty and incurable insanity added to causes in 1937)
- 1910: UK - Strikes of seaman, dock and transport workers, general railway strike for higher wages during period to 1912
- 1910: NL - Glasfabrieken in Nieuw Buinen bieden werk aan 800 mensen.
- 1910: NL - Bentheimer Eisenbahn rijdt tussen Coevorden en Duitsland.
- 20 Jan 1910: UK - George V, ruler of England to 1936. House of Windsor (name adopted Jul 17, 1917): 2nd son of Edward VII, married Princess Mary of Teck.
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| 15 | 1911 | |
| 16 | 1912 | - 1912: North Sea - The Sinking of the Titanic: 1,515 people lose their lives.
- 1912: UK - Parachutes Invented
- 1912: UK - Piltdown Man, the 'Missing Link,' Discovered but later revealed as a fraud
- 1912: SOS Accepted as Universal Distress Signal
- 1912: UK - Motorized movie cameras invented, and replaced hand-cranked cameras.
- 1912: UK - The first tank patented by Australian inventor De La Mole.
- 1912: USA - Clarence Crane created Life Savers candy
- 1912: NL - De ondergang van de Titanic.
- 1912: NL - De eerste officiële Elfstedentocht wordt gewonnen door Coen de Koning.
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| 17 | 1913 | - 1913: USA - Leo Baekeland invented a plastic laminate, known as Bakelite, and later as Formica
- 1913: Detroit, MI, USA - First assembly line introduced in Ford automobile factory
- 1913: New York, NY, USA - The Armory Show, an international display of some 1600 works of modern art, and one of the more important U.S. art exhibitions ever held, opens at the 69th-regiment armory. It arouses public curiosity, generates sensational news coverage, and helps change the direction of American art
- 1913: USA - Personal Income Tax introduced
- 1913: Washington, DC, USA - Woodrow Wilson president 1913-1921.
- 1913: UK - The crossword puzzle was invented by Arthur Wynne.
- 1913: USA - The Merck Chemical Company patented what is now known as ecstasy.
- 1913: USA - Mary Phelps Jacob invents the bra
- 1913: USA - Gideon Sundback invents the modern zipper.
- 1913: NL - Gasselternijveen vierde havenstad van Nederland na Amsterdam,Rotterdam en Groningen.
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| 18 | 1914 | - 1914: UK - Battle of the Marne
- 1914: USA - Charlie Chaplin First Appeared as the Little Tramp
- 1914: UK - First Traffic Light
- 1914: Panama - Panama Canal Officially Opened
- 1914: Egypt - Britain proclaims protectorate over Egypt
- 1914: France - Stunning British casualty figures come from Loos -60,000; in on the Somme, 60,000 in one day; total for 5-month offensive - 400,000; Germans use poison gas at Ypres
- 1914: Ireland - Easter Monday Irish rebellion, Irish Volunteers (later Irish Republican Army) proclaim Irish Republic; German submarine lands Sir Roger Casement who is arrested, German ship with rifles intercepted off Irish coast, Casement executed; Sinn Fein and Ulster cannot agree on partition
- 1914: France - Passchendaele, British advance of 5 miles costs 400,000 casualties
- 1914: UK - Balfour Declaration promises Jews home in Palestine
- 1914: UK - First use of massed tanks (Battle of Cambrai)
- 1914: UK - King George V adopts Windsor as Royal Family's English surname in place of family's German name
- 1914: USA - Garrett A. Morgan invents the Morgan gas mask
- 1914: NL - Algemene mobilisatie.
- 4 Aug 1914: World War I begins and lasts until 1918, because Germany violates a treaty to respect neutrality of Belgium; Turkey enters war on Germany's side
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| 19 | 1915 | |
| 20 | 1916 | |
| 21 | 1917 | |
| 22 | 1918 | - 1918: UK - Influenza Epidemic
- 1918: Russia - Czar Nicholas II and his family are killed
- 1918: UK - Summer:Great Influenza Epidemic begins, reaches height end of year, new outbreak first quarter of 1919: England and Wales lose 150,000 (15,000 in London alone)
- 1918: UK - Final casualties for World War I - almost 1 million British Empire men killed, about 3 million maimed (744,000 killed are from UK)
- 1918: UK - Women over 30 given the vote (complete voting equality with men comes in 1928), all men over 21 (except peers, lunatics and felons) given vote
- 1918: UK - Consumer purchasing power now about 1/3 of what it was in 1914
- 1918: USA - Charles Jung invented fortune cookies.
- 1918: UK - Police strikes this year and the next
- 1918: NL - NL - De Spaanse griep veroorzaakt wereldwijd meer dan 20 miljoen doden.
- 9 Nov 1918: Europe - Kaiser abdicates, peace signed two days later at Treaty of Versailles, ending World War I
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| 23 | 1919 | |
| 24 | 1920 | - 1920: India - Bubonic Plague strikes
- 1920: UK - League of Nations Established
- 1920: UK - Population of England/Wales - 37,887, Scotland - 4,882, N.Ireland - 1,258
- 1920: UK - Economic slump, 2,170,000 unemployed
- 1920: Palestine - Serious clashes between Jews and Arabs
- 1920: USA - US restricts immigration
- 1920: Ireland - Southern Irish parliament passes Government of Ireland Act, civil war effectively ends (until 1968)
- 1920: UK - Lloyd George sells honours in return for party contributions, partly responsible for downfall of Coalition government
- 1920: Egypt - Britain recognizes Egyptian independence
- 1920: UK - British Broadcasting Company (BBC) begins transmission of speech over air to public
- 1920: Italy - Benito Mussolini becomes fascist dictator
- 1920: UK - First football cup final at Wembley
- 1920: UK - Greyhound racing becomes popular
- 1920: UK - Radio and cinema begin growth (by 1929, 3,000 cinemas in Britain)
- 1920: UK - Convictions for drunkenness fall from 189,000 in 1913 to 53,000 in 1930
- 1920: France - Tuberculosis vaccine developed
- 1920: UK - The tommy gun patented by John T Thompson.
- 1920: USA - The Band-Aid invented by Earle Dickson
- 1920: Ireland - Irish Republican Army begins Civil War with raids on police barracks and income tax offices all over Ireland
- 1920: UK - Communist Party of Great Britain founded; affiliation with Labour Party rebuffed = schism between communism and socialism
- 1920: UK - Population of Great Britain has grown by 5 per cent, emigration overseas declines from 256,000 in 1923 (post-war peak) to 92,000 in 1930 and many return to offset those leaving; British population gravitates to south and away from depressed areas of South Wales and northern England, Greater London is now over 8 million
- Dec 1920: Ireland - New Government of Ireland Act proposes partition of Ireland into Ulster (north) and Irish Free State (south), each to have its own government
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| 25 | 1921 | |
| 26 | 1922 | |
| 27 | 1923 | |
| 28 | 1924 | |
| 29 | 1925 | |
| 30 | 1926 | |
| 31 | 1927 | |
| 32 | 1928 | |
| 33 | 1929 | |
| 34 | 1930 | |
| 35 | 1931 | - 1931: UK - Housing Act passes, provides subsidies for slum clearance
- 1931: USA - Al Capone Imprisoned for Income Tax Evasion
- 1931: UK - Auguste Piccard Reaches Stratosphere
- 1931: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - Christ Monument Built on Hilltop
- 1931: New York, NY, USA - Empire State Building Completed
- 1931: USA - First official US National Anthem
- 1931: UK - Census shows British professional workers now number .75 million (8 per cent); up from 80,000 in 1921 Census: population: England/Wales - 39,952, Scotland - 4,842, N. Ireland - 1,243
- 1931: USA - Harold Edgerton invented stop-action photography.
- 1931: Germany - Germans Max Knott and Ernst Ruska co-invent the electron microscope.
- 1931: NL - De werkloosheidscijfers in Nederland stijgen tot ongekende hoogten.
- 24 Aug 1931: UK - Resignation of Labour government accepted by King, asks Ramsay MacDonald to form National Government (Coalition) to deal with economic crisis
- 21 Oct 1931: UK - General Election, vote for National Government overwhelming, more votes for Conservatives, Liberal party in disarray
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| 36 | 1932 | - 1932: UK - Agricultural Marketing Act passed, regulates quality of produce
- 1932: USA - Air Conditioning Invented
- 1932: Amelia Earhardt First Woman to Fly Solo Across the Atlantic
- 1932: Cambridge, UK - Scientists Split the Atom
- 1932: USA - Zippo Lighters Introduced
- 1932: Ireland - De Valera succeeds Cosgrave as Prime Minister of Irish Free State, ousts British Governor-General, abolishes senate, alters law re citizenship to distinguish Irish nationality from British, but still claims Commonwealth membership
- 1932: USA - Polaroid photography invented by Edwin Herbert Land.
- 1932: UK - Unemployment falls from 3 million to below 2 million in July 1935; production rises, but imports steady, exports decline; new industries booming - chemicals, rayon, cars, radio, cost of living falls
- 1932: NL - De Zuiderzee wordt op 20 September officieel omgedoopt tot IJsselmeer.
- Sep 1932: UK - 6-7 million living on 'dole', worse in Tyne and Tees and Welsh valleys
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| 37 | 1933 | |
| 38 | 1934 | |
| 39 | 1935 | - 1935: USA - First successful three-color roll film available to amateur photographers as Kodachrome, for slides, this year, and as Kodacolor (for prints) in 1942.
- 1935: UK - First Kit Kat sold
- 1935: USA - Alcoholics Anonymous Founded
- 1935: Germany - Anti-Jewish Nuremberg Laws issued
- 1935: UK - John Maynard Keynes Suggests New Economic Theory
- 1935: USA - Wallace Carothers and DuPont Labs invent nylon
- 1935: USA - The first canned beer made.
- 1935: NL - Behalve het bekende Noorder Dierenpark dat op 1 mei wordt geopend, wordt tevens de oudheidskamer in gebruik genomen
- 1935: NL - Noorder Sanatorium wordt gebouwd in Zuidlaren
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| 40 | 1936 | - 1936: UK - Edward VIII, ruler of England 1936. House of Windsor (name adopted Jul 17, 1917): Eldest son of George V.
- 1936: UK - BBC starts regular TV broadcasts
- 1936: USA - Dale Carnegie Publishes How to Win Friends and Influence People
- 1936: Germany - Nazi Olympics in Berlin
- 1936: Spain - Spanish Civil War Begins. Germany and Italy help rebels against government, Soviet Union aids government, as do International Brigade with volunteers from European countries and US during period to 1939
- 1936: UK - Arabs attack Jews and British troops and police, riots, strikes, outbursts of great violence, Jews attack Arabs and British, disorder continues through beginning of World War II
- 1936: USA - Bell Labs invents the voice recognition machine.
- 1936: USA - Samuel Colt patents the Colt revolver.
- 1936: Germany - Hitler and Mussolini make Rome-Berlin Axis agreement to conduct aggression together, followed by German agreement with Japan which Italy signs later
- 20 Jan 1936: UK - Death of King George V
- 12 May 1936: UK - George VI, ruler of England 1936-1952. House of Windsor (name adopted Jul 17, 1917): 2nd son of George V, Duke of York; married Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon.
- 16 Nov 1936: UK - Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin learns Edward VIII wants to marry twice-divorced Mrs.Simpson and will abdicate if necessary, public storm breaks on 2- 3 December, King abdicates on 5 December, announces 10 December, Abdication Act rushes through 11 December; Duke of York (father of Queen Elizabeth II) becomes George VI
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| 41 | 1937 | |
| 42 | 1938 | |
| 43 | 1939 | |
| 44 | 1940 | |
| 45 | 1941 | |
| 46 | 1942 | |
| 47 | 1943 | |
| 48 | 1944 | - 1944: France - D-Day landings
- 1944: France - First German V1 and V2 Rockets Fired
- 1944: Berlin, Germany - Hitler Escapes Assassination Attempt
- 1944: USA - The kidney dialysis machine invented by Willem Kolff.
- 1944: USA - Synthetic cortisone invented by Percy Lavon Julian.
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| 49 | 1945 | |
| 50 | 1946 | |
| 51 | 1947 | |
| 52 | 1948 | - 1948: USA - Life magazine makes painter Jackson Pollock an overnight celebrity by devoting a three-page spread with color photographs to him and his paintings under the headline, Jackson Pollock: Is He the Greatest Living Painter in the United States?; Abstract Expressionism becomes a subject of widespread popular ridicule.
- 1948: Berlin, Germany - Berlin Airlift
- 1948: UK - Big Bang Theory Formulated
- 1948: India - Gandhi Assassinated
- 1948: South Africa - Policy of Apartheid Begun
- 1948: Israel - State of Israel Founded
- 1948: USA - The Frisbee® invented by Walter Frederick Morrison and Warren Franscioni.
- 1948: USA - Velcro® invented by George de Mestral.
- 1948: USA - Robert Hope-Jones invented the Wurlitzer jukebox
- 1948: NL - Tweede politionele actie in Nederlands-Indië.
- 1948: NL - Koningin Wilhelmina treedt af. Zij wordt opgevolgd door haar dochter Juliana.
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