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Maria KAMERBEEK

Female Abt 1835 - Yes, date unknown


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Timeline

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   Date  Event(s)
1 1835 
  • 1835: UK - Parliament passes the Municipal Reform Act, requiring members of town councils to be elected by ratepayers and councils to publish their financial accounts
  • 1835: UK - Commercial boom. 'Little' railway mania across Britain starts and continues into 1836
  • 1835: UK - Englishman Francis Pettit Smith invents the propeller.
  • 1835: UK - Solymon Merrick patents the wrench.
  • 1835: UK - Charles Babbage invents a mechanical calculator.
  • 1835: CA - Joseph Howe, a Halifax printer and owner since 1828 of the weekly Novascotian, is arrested for libel but successfully argues his own case for freedom of the press. A local hero, he begins advocating the kind of responsible government that is only established in 1848.
  • 1835: NL - Eerste spoorlijn Haarlem - Amsterdam.
  • 1 Jun 1835: CA - Official opening of the Kingston Penitentiary.
2 1836 
3 1837 
  • 1837: UK - Charles Dickens publishes Oliver Twist, drawing attention to Britain's poor.
  • 1837: UK - Death of William IV
  • 1837: USA - Martin van Buren president of the USA 1837-1841.
  • 1837: UK - English schoolmaster Rowland Hill invents the postage stamp.
  • 1837: UK - Victoria I, ruler of England to 1901. House of Hanover: Daughter of Edward, 4th son of George III
  • 1837: CA - Population of Upper Canada is 397,489.
  • 1837: CA - British attempts to unite the colonies of Upper and Lower Canada lead to revolt. Two separate rebellions, one in Upper and one in Lower Canada, fail to dislodge entrenched elites.
  • 1837: CA - Black militia units participate in putting down the rebellion in Upper Canada.
  • 1837: CA - British parliament passes Coercion Bill, seizes Lower Canada treasury.
  • 1837: CA - Unlike Upper and Lower Canada, other Canadian territories move toward responsible government without rebellion. New Brunswick accepts the British offer to allow their assembly more revenue control over salaries of public servants and judges. Nova Scotia agrees to the same conditions in 1839.
  • Jul 1837: UK - Births, deaths and marriages must be registered by law
4 1838 
  • 1838: UK - The Anti-Corn Law League is established. Publication of the People's Charter. The start of Chartism
  • 1838: CA/US - Conflict over the New Brunswick-Maine border begins in the Aroostook River area.
  • 1838: CA - The Customs House, at Montreal, is finished.
  • 1838: CA - The population of Canada, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island is 1,282,000.
  • 1838: US - The governors of New York and Vermont forbid interference with Canadian difficulties.
  • 27 May 1838: CA - As governor general and high commissioner of British North America, Lord Durham arrives to investigate the circumstances behind the Rebellions of 1837.
  • 3 Nov 1838: CA - Second uprising in Lower Canada. Battle of the Windmill at Prescott, Upper Canada.
  • 10 Nov 1838: CA - The rebels gain a victory at Beauharnois.
5 1839 
6 1840 
  • 1840: UK - Victoria I marries Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.
  • 1840: UK - There are reckoned to be 107 accountants in London
  • 1840: New Zealand - New Zealand annexed
  • 1840: UK - Englishman John Herschel invents the blueprint.
  • 1840: Australia - During period to 1853 convicts are still sent to Tasmania at the rate of about 4,000 per year
  • 1840: UK - Queen Victoria begins dressing the princes in kilts and sailor suits.
  • 1840: NL - Willem I doet afstand van de regering. Willem II wordt koning der Nederlanden.
  • 6 May 1840: CA - Postage stamps come into use.
  • 23 Jul 1840: CA - Act of Union. The Queen sanctions the union of Upper and Lower Canada. The United Canada Act allows larger government to borrow more money.
7 1841 
  • 1841: UK - The first British Census recording the names of the populace is undertaken.
  • 1841: UK - The Tories come to power. Sir Robert Peel becomes Prime Minister
  • 1841: USA - William Henry Harrison president of the USA. He succumbed to pneumonia in 1841.
  • 1841: USA - John Tyler president of the USA to 1845. He is the first vice president to succeed to the presidency due to death of a president.
  • 1841: UK - Samuel Slocum patents the stapler.
  • 1841: CA - The Dawn Settlement in what is now Dresden, Ontario, is established to provide self-help for Blacks in agricultural communities.
  • 1841: NL - Clemens en August Brenninkmeijer openen hun eerste winkel op de Oosterdijk in Sneek.
  • 13 Jun 1841: CA - First Parliament of Canada meets at Kingston.
8 1842 
  • 1842: UK - First Christmas card
  • 1842: UK - First UK public telegraph lines, from Paddington to Slough and Gosport to London
  • 1842: UK - Lord Shaftesbury's Mines Act forbids underground work for women and children under 10
  • 1842: China - Hong Kong annexed
  • 1842: UK - Joseph Dart builds the first grain elevator.
  • 1842: CA - The first Railway in Nova Scotia is begun.
  • 9 Aug 1842: CA/US - The Webster-Ashburton Treaty ends the Aroostook War, settling once and for all the Maine-New Brunswick border dispute.
  • 16 Oct 1842: CA - Queen's University is founded
9 1843 
  • 1843: UK - Alexander Bain (1818-1903) invented an early fax machine
  • 1843: UK - About 2000 miles of railway lines now laid
  • 1843: CA - Fort Victoria built by British to strengthen their claim to Vancouver Island.
  • 1843: CA - The Cornwall and Chambly Canals are opened.
  • 1843: CA/US - Survey of Boundary between the U.S. and Canada is begun.
  • 9 Dec 1843: CA - Bishop's University is founded
10 1844 
11 1845 
12 1846 
  • 1846: UK - Repeal of the Corn Laws, Britain moves towards complete free trade
  • 1846: UK - Electric Telegraph Company formed, 17 offices by 1854
  • 1846: USA - Mexican-American War 1846-1848.
  • 1846: USA - Dr. William Morton, a Massachusetts dentist, is the first to use anesthesia for tooth extraction.
  • 1846: CA/UK - The Irish potato famine begins, marking a change in the composition of Irish immigrating to Canada from mostly rich, well-connected, respectable Protestants to vastly poor, ill-equipped, poorly-treated Catholics.
  • 1846: CA - Mines north of Lake Superior are explored.
  • 1846: CA - The new canal, from Lachine, overcomes a fall of 42 ft., in 8 1/2 miles, by two locks of 13 ft. and two of 8 ft. Equal fall of the whole river would wield 4,500,000 horse power.
  • 1846: NL - Voedselschaarste in Drenthe
  • 1846: NL - Emigratie naar Michigan (USA) uit Drenthe komt op gang. Eerste 56 Drenthen vertrekken.
  • 16 May 1846: CA/UK - Under the leadership of British Prime Minister Robert Peel, the British Parliament repeals the Corn Laws, replacing the old Colonial mercantile trade system with Free Trade.
  • 9 Jun 1846: CA - Burning of St. John's, Newfoundland.
  • 12 Jun 1846: CA- Theatre burned at Quebec.
  • 15 Jun 1846: CA/US/UK - Britain and United States settle the long-disputed boundary across the Columbia District or Oregon Country from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific, by drawing the boundary across the mountains along the 49th Parallel to the Strait of Georgia, and leaving the Colony of Vancouver Island, established in 1843, intact.
13 1847 
  • 1847: UK - Flourens discovered the anesthetic properties of chloroform
  • 1847: USA - Levi Strauss invents denim jeans
  • 1847: UK - Hungarian Ignaz Semmelweis invents antisceptics.
  • 1847: CA - St. Lawrence canal system completed. Faster and cheaper than US system, but growing US railroads are now the real threat.
  • 1847: CA - Typhus outbreak as over 3,000 immigrants arrive in Bytown (Ottawa) in the height of summer. The Rideau Canal is shutdown to prevent further spread of the outbreak. 167 die in quarantine.
  • 1847: CA/US - Outbreak of measles among the Cayuse of the Pacific Northwest.
  • 1847: NL - Een duur jaar, een 6 ponds roggebrood kost 67,5 cent.
  • 30 Jan 1847: CA - Lord Elgin, Governor, arrives at Montreal.
  • 1 Sep 1847: CA - Lord Elgin visits the immigrant 'fever' sheds at Pointe St. Charles, Montreal.
  • 18 Oct 1847: CA - Telegraph Line from Quebec to London, Canada West, complete.
  • 23 Oct 1847: CA - 65 immigrants die in a week at Pointe St. Charles neighbourhood of Montreal.
  • 1 Nov 1847: CA - 9,634 deaths of immigrants since 1st Jan
  • 19 Nov 1847: CA - The railway from Montreal to Lachine is opened.
14 1848 
  • 1848: UK - Major Chartist demonstration in London.
  • 1848: UK - Parliament passes the Public Health Act
  • 1848: UK - Karl Marx publishes The Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital
  • 1848: UK - 5000 miles of railway tracks now laid, 2000 of which were equipped with telegraph wires; Britain now produces about half of world's pig iron, trebles output within 30 years
  • 1848: UK - Queen's College for Women founded
  • 1848: CA - First telegraph lines in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick.
  • 1848: NL - Grondwetsherziening door Thorbecke.
  • 1848: NL - Aanleg van de weg Assen-Bareveld voltooid.
  • 2 Jan 1848: CA - Maple sugar is made in St. Anselme.
  • 20 Sep 1848: CA - Opening of the Jesuits' College, Montreal.
15 1849 
  • 1849: USA - Zachary Taylor president of the USA 1849-1850. Zachary Taylor died while in office.
  • 1849: UK - Walter Hunt invents the safety pin.
  • 1849: CA - The Beauharnois Canal, just southwest of Montreal is opened.
  • 1849: CA/US - The boundary at the 49th parallel is extended to the Pacific Ocean (bisecting Point Roberts, Washington).
  • 1849: CA - The Courthouse Rebellion is launched by the Red River Métis.
  • 1849: NL - Koning Willem II overlijdt aan een hartinfarct. Op 12 mei wordt koning Willem III ingehuldigd.
  • 1849: NL - De Denen blokkeren de Pruisische havens. Op de rede van Delfzijl liggen in een maand 173 vreemde schepen.
  • 1 Jan 1849: CA - King's College becomes the University of Toronto
  • 7 Apr 1849: CA - A large fire engulfs Toronto's downtown section. Started at 1 a.m. of an unknown cause, it started behind a tavern in the market section catching some hay then spread rapidly before destroying numerous buildings, including St. James cathedral. Flames could be seen from across Lake Ontario at St. Catharines, 40 km distant.
  • May 1849: CA - The Hayes House in Dalhousie Square, leased for Parliamentary purposes. The parliament is to sit alternately in Quebec City and Toronto.
16 1850 
  • 1850: USA - American Joel Houghton invented the first dishwasher. He made it out of wood, and gave it a hand-turned wheel that splashed water on the dishes inside. It didn't really work, but it did get the first 'dishwasher' patent
  • 1850: UK - First machine-made paper bag
  • 1850: UK - Mines Inspectorate created, helps protect adult male mine workers
  • 1850: USA - Millard Fillmore president of the USA 1850-1853. Vice president under Zachary Taylor, he was sworn in as president after Taylor's death.
  • 1850: US - In the United States, the Fugitive Slave Act is passed. It provides that even free persons can be made a slave if suspected of being a runaway. As a result, more fugitive slaves and free Black persons come to Canada.
  • 1850: CA - The site of John By's headquarters during the construction of the Rideau Canal is incorporated as Bytown (now Ottawa).
  • 1850: CA - Gold discovered in British Columbia, and coal on Vancouver Island.
  • 1850: CA - The Canadian government passes the Railway Guarantee Act.
  • 1850: NL - Ridderschap in Drenthe afgeschaft.
  • 1850: NL - Drenthe telt 82 kilometer verharde weg: het grootste deel langs de Drentsche Hoofdvaart.
  • 11 Oct 1850: CA - The St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railroad opens
17 1851 
  • 1851: UK - The Great Exhibition is staged in Hyde Park. Thanks to Prince Albert, it is a great success
  • 1851: UK - Window tax abolished
  • 1851: USA - Patent for sewing machine issued to Isaac Singer
  • 1851: UK - British Census shows 10,736,000 females, 8,155,000 of whom were aged 10 and older, largest occupational group domestic service workers, 905,000, 145,000 washerwomen, 55,000 charwomen (cleaners), 272,000 in cotton industry, 113,000 in woolen industry, 140,000 in lace, hosiery and linen
  • 1851: Europe - First submarine cable, Dover to Calais
  • 1851: London, UK - Reuters opens news agency
  • 1851: Africa - Livingstone's explorations begin
  • 1851: Australia - Population of Australia rises from 405,000 in 1851 to 1,168,000 in 1861
  • 1851: CA - The United Kingdom transfers control of the colonial postal system to Canada.
  • 1851: NL - Het katholieke kerkhof te Oude Pekela aangelegd.
  • 25 Apr 1851: CA - Prince Edward Island wins responsible government
  • 30 Aug 1851: CA - The Vancouver Island legislature meets for the first time
  • Sep 1851: Melbourne, Australia - Gold fever - 19,000 immigrants land in one month, for the whole year 94,664, seven times as many as 1851
  • 11 Oct 1851: CA - The St. L. & A. Railway is opened to Richmond.
18 1852 
  • 1852: UK - Death of the Duke of Wellington
  • 1852: UK - Derby's first minority Conservative government
  • 1852: UK - Aberdeen's coalition government is established
  • 1852: NL - De postzegels worden ingevoerd.
  • 15 Jan 1852: CA - Trinity College opens
  • 8 Jul 1852: CA - Beginning of a fire which burns 11,000 houses in Montreal.
  • Oct 1852: CA - he Bank of Montreal issues notes like the Bank of England's; denomination water-marked.
  • 25 Oct 1852: CA - The Toronto Stock Exchange opens
  • 8 Dec 1852: CA - Laval's Seminaire du Quebec founds Université Laval, North America's oldest French Language university.
19 1853 
  • 1853: UK - Potato crisps invented by a cook named George Crum.
  • 1853: Crimea - Florence Nightingale first recommended the regimen of cleanliness which dramatically reduced the death rate in hospitals
  • 1853: UK - Vaccination against smallpox is made compulsory
  • 1853: UK - Queen Victoria uses chloroform during birth of Prince Leopold
  • 1853: UK - William Gladstone presents his first budget
  • 1853: UK - Franklin Pierce president of the USA 1853-1857.
  • 1853: The Grand Trunk Railway is Chartered. It was a railway system which operated in Quebec and Ontario, as well as Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Vermont. The railway was operated from headquarters in Montreal, Quebec. The Grand Trunk and its subsidiaries, along with the Canadian Government Railways, was a primary precursor of today's Canadian National Railways. The GTR had three important subsidiaries during its lifetime: Central Vermont Railway which operated in Quebec, Vermont, Massachusetts and Connecticut. Grand Trunk Pacific Railway which operated in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and British Columbia. Grand Trunk Western Railroad which operated in Michigan, Indiana, and Illinois.
  • 1853: CA - Mary Ann Shadd becomes the first woman in North America to become editor of a newspaper. Working out of Chatham, Ontario, she publishes, edits and writes in the Provincial Freeman, a newspaper serving the Black community in Ontario.
  • 23 Feb 1853: CA - A description of the proposed bridge across the St. Lawrence is published
  • 6 Jun 1853: CA - Gavazzi Riot in Quebec are quelled by military.
20 1854 
  • 1854: UK - The Northcote-Trevelyan civil service report is published
  • 1854: UK - John Tyndall demonstrates the principles of fiber optics.
  • 1854: UK - Crimean War begins, as Britain and France attempt to defend European interests in the Middle East against Russia
  • 1854: CA - Establishment of the African Baptist Association of Nova Scotia
  • 1854: NL - Lijfstraffen geschrapt uit het strafrecht. De doodstraf wordt beperkt tot ophanging boven een luik.
  • 1854: NL - Het KNMI wordt bij koninklijk besluit van Koning Willem III opgericht.
  • 27 Jan 1854: CA - The Great Western Railway opens, linking Toronto, Hamilton and Windsor.
  • 27 Oct 1854: CA - A Great Western Railway passenger train collides with the tail end of gravel train at Baptiste Creek, Canada West. At least 52 people are killed.
21 1855 
  • 1855: UK - John Snow, investigating London's piped water supply, showed graphically that cholera could be transmitted by water from a particular pump.
  • 1855: UK - Palmerston's first government comes to power
  • 1 Jan 1855: CA - own is renamed Ottawa.
  • 8 Mar 1855: CA/US - A bridge over the Niagara River near Niagara Falls is completed
  • 17 Apr 1855: CA - Charlottetown incorporated as a city
22 1856 
23 1857 
  • 1857: Atlantic - Cyrus Field made his first attempt at laying a trans-Atlantic telegraph cable. In 1866, his fourth attempt was successful.
  • 1857: China - The Second Opium War opens China to European trade.
  • 1857: India - The Indian Mutiny erupts against British Rule on the sub-continent
  • 1857: USA - James Buchanan president of the USA 1857-1861.
  • 1857: USA - George Pullman invents the Pullman Sleeping Car for train travel.
  • 1857: CA - Grand Trunk Railway (Windsor-Montreal) completed, but $7 million in debt.
  • 1857: CA/UK - Queen Victoria names Ottawa as capital of the Province of Canada.
  • 1857: CA - The Palliser Expedition begins its exploration of Western Canada.
  • 1857: CA - Coal mining begins at Coal Harbor on the Kenai Peninsula.
  • 12 Mar 1857: CA - The bridge over Desjardins Canal, near Hamilton, Canada West, collapses under a Great Western Railway passenger train. About 60 people die.
  • 31 Dec 1857: CA - Ottawa is chosen as the new capital of the Canadas
24 1858 
  • 1858: UK - Derby establishes his second minority government
  • 1858: UK - Parliament passes the India Act
  • 1858: UK - Eraser fitted to end of pencil
  • 1858: UK - Jean Lenoir invents an internal combustion engine.
  • 1858: UK - Hamilton Smith patents the rotary washing machine.
  • 1858: CA - The Canadian government imposes revenue tariffs on US manufactured goods to pay for railroad debts.
  • 1858: CA - The Halifax-Truro line begins rail service.
  • 1858: CA - The Fraser Canyon Gold Rush starts, leading to the creation of the Colony of British Columbia on the Mainland and igniting the Fraser Canyon War.
  • 1858: CA - The Toronto Islands are created after a fierce storm detaches the island from the mainland at the Eastern gap.
  • 1858: CA - The British Columbia Provincial Police are established.
  • 1858: NL - De aardappel wordt algemeen geaccepteerd als voedingsmiddel.
25 1859 
  • 1859: UK - Charles Darwin's book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection or the Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life asserts that all life had a common ancestor and that the origin of species was natural selection
  • 1859: UK - Palmerston brings his second Liberal government to power.
  • 1859: UK - Samuel Smiles' Self-Help published
  • 1859: CA - Abraham Shadd is elected to the town council in Raleigh, Ontario and becomes the first Black elected to public office.
  • 1859: CA - William Hall, born in Hants County, Nova Scotia, becomes the first Nova Scotian and the first Black to win the Victoria Cross for Bravery in the war. The Victoria Cross is the highest military honour in the Commonwealth of Nations.
  • 1859: US - De Stoeckl returns to U.S. from St. Petersburg with authority to negotiate the sale of Alaska.
  • 1859: CA - McGowan's War, a juridicial and political crisis in the Fraser River goldfieldsinvolving a spillover of San Francisco politics into British territory, has the potential to escalate into an annexationist uprising but is settled peaceably. Marines and Royal Engineers are dispatched to Yale, led by Colonel Clement Francis Moody and escorting Justice Matthew Baillie Begbie to resolve the matter, which ends amicably, and reassert British sovereignty over the fledgling Mainland Colony.
  • 1859: CA - Lyman Cutler, an American settler, homesteads on San Juan Island in defiance of British claims and triggers off the Pig War.
  • 1859: NL - De eerste (verharde) grindweg wordt aangelegd van Klinkmolenbrug, via Noordbarge tot Emmen en via Odoorn naar Gieten. M.Middelveldt wordt nu genoemd als loper voor de posterijen van Borger naar Emmen en terug.
26 1860 
  • 1860: UK - Joseph Wilson Swan invented the light bulb, an incandescent lamp using a carbon filament.
  • 1860: UK - Gladstone's budget and the Anglo-French Cobden Treaty codifies and extends the principles of free trade
  • 1860: NL - Officiële afschaffing van de slavernij in Nederlandsch-Indië.
  • 1860: NL - Hiddingh koopt het hele Compascuum inclusief de kosten voor fl 89.252,--
  • 27 Jun 1860: CA - The first Queen's Plate race is held in Toronto
  • 25 Aug 1860: CA - Montreal's Victoria Bridge opens
  • 1 Sep 1860: CA - The construction of the Canadian House of Commons began. The cornerstone of the Parliament buildings is laid this day.
27 1861 
  • 1861: UK - Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis published his deduction that childbirth fever was transmitted on the hands of doctors during their examinations
  • 1861: UK - Death of Prince Albert, Prince Consort
  • 1861: Australia - Women first given vote
  • 1861: USA - Abraham Lincoln president of the USA 1861-1865.
  • 1861: USA - Elisha Otis patents elevator safety brakes, creating a safer elevator.
  • 1861: USA - Linus Yale invents the Yale lock or cylinder lock.
  • 1861: USA - American Civil War (to 1865)
  • 1861: CA -Viscount Monck becomes Governor-General.
  • 1861: CA - Joseph Howe became Premier of Nova Scotia
  • 1861: CA - Dr. Anderson Ruffin Abbott becomes the first Canadian Born Black to graduate from medical school.
  • 1861: CA - The Cariboo Gold Rush starts in British Columbia.
  • 14 Apr 1861: CA - A major flood hits Montreal
  • 15 Apr 1861: CA - Nova Scotia: resolution for provincial union by Joseph Howe for referral to the other British North American provinces in July.
28 1862 
  • 1862: France - Louis Pasteur published the germ theory: infection is caused by self-replicating microorganisms, and that attenuated viral cultures granted immunity. These beneficent antigens he named vaccines in honor of Edward Jenner and his vaccinia virus
  • 1862: UK - Parliament passes the Limited Liability Act in order to provide vital stimulus to accumulation of capital in shares
  • 1862: UK - Alexander Parkes invents the first man-made plastic, Parkesine.
  • 1862: UK - Dr. Richard Gatling patents the machine gun.
  • 1862: CA - The first female student is accepted into Mount Allison University in Sackville, New Brunswick
  • 1862: CA/US - Smallpox sweeps through Fort Victoria area and down the length of the northwest coast, killing an estimated 200,000 Indian people - William Duncan, an Anglican missionary on the northwest coast, establishes the village of Metlakatla with 50 Tsimshian followers, who adopt the Christian faith and a European lifestyle. By 1880, more than 1,000 converts live there.
  • 7 Apr 1862: US/UK - United Kingdom-United States treaty for suppression of African slave trade is signed
  • 20 May 1862: CA - Macdonald-Cartier government falls. Free interprovincial trade granted by the Crown
29 1863 
30 1864 
  • 1864: UK - Chimney-sweeper's Act, due in part to Charles Kinglsey's Water Babies
  • 1864: UK - Great Battle of Berkhamstead Common saves common land, Epping Forest also saved
  • 1864: UK - Reform Bill, working men given franchise
  • 1864: Canada - First independent dominion in the British Empire under the Dominion of Canada Act
  • 1864: UK - Judge declares trades unions illegal
  • 29 Jun 1864: CA - An train of newly arrived immigrants fails to stop at the open swing span near Beloeil, Canada East. The Grand Trunk Railway train runs into the Richelieu River, killing 99.
  • 18 Jul 1864: US - North-South negotiations begin at Niagara Falls, New York
  • 1 Sep 1864: CA - Charlottetown Conference, noted as the first step towards Canadian Confederation
  • 19 Oct 1864: CA/US - The St. Albans Raid was the northernmost land action of the American Civil War, taking place in St. Albans, Vermont on October 19, 1864. In this unusual incident, Bennett H. Young led Confederate States Army forces. Young had become a prisoner of war after the Battle of Salineville in Ohio ended Morgan's Raid the year before; he later escaped to Canada (then the Province of Canada, part of the British Empire) and returned to the South, where he proposed raids on the Union from the Canadian border to build the Confederate treasury and force the Union Army to protect the northern border and diverting troops from the South. Young was commissioned as a lieutenant and returned to Canada, where he recruited other escaped rebels to participate in a raid St. Albans, Vermont, a quiet town 15 miles (25 km) from the Canadian border.
31 1865 
32 1866 
  • 1866: UK - Gregor Mendel, in Versuche über Pflantenhybriden, interpreted heredity in terms of a pairing of dominant and/or recessive unit characters; that is, ones that could in practice be treated as indivisible and independent particles
  • 1866: UK - Alfred Nobel patented dynamite
  • 1866: UK - Russell and Gladstone fail to have their moderate Reform Bill passed in parliament. Derby takes power in his third minority Conservative government
  • 1866: UK - Englishman Robert Whitehead invents a torpedo.
  • 1866: UK - J. Osterhoudt patents the tin can with a key opener.
  • 1866: CA/US - North wins Civil War with large manufacturing growth, large army and anger at British for supporting South. Threats in US Congress to annex Canada. RR's and settlers expanding rapidly west. Reciprocal trade treaty annihilated by US.
  • 2 Jun 1866: CA/US - Battle of Ridgeway, Fenians invade Canada, giving Irish republicans at home a greater advantage over the British back home
  • 1 Jul 1866: CA - The Province of Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick are united into the Dominion of Canada by the British North America Act.
  • 6 Aug 1866: CA - the Colonies of Vancouver Island and Colony of British Columbia are united, bearing the Mainland's name as the United Colonies of Vancouver Island and British Columbia but with the Island capital, Victoria, as the seat of government of the united colony.
33 1867 
  • 1867: UK - Derby and Benjamin Disraeli's Second Reform Bill doubles the franchise to two million.
  • 1867: UK - Christopher Scholes invents the first practical and modern typewriter.
  • 1867: CA - Andrew R. Wetmore becomes premier of New Brunswick, replacing Peter Mitchell
  • 1867: NL - De graanoogsten in Drenthe mislukken. Vooral Sleen en Zweeloo worden ernstig getroffen.
  • 29 Mar 1867: CA/UK - Queen Victoria gives royal assent to the British North America Act, 1867
  • 1 Jul 1867: CA - Sir John A. Macdonald becomes the first prime minister of the Dominion of Canada
  • 4 Jul 1867: CA - Hiram Blanchard becomes premier of Nova Scotia, replacing Charles Tupper
  • 15 Jul 1867: CA - Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau becomes the first premier of Quebec.
  • 16 Jul 1867: CA - J. S. Macdonald becomes the first premier of Ontario
  • 6 Nov 1867: CA - the 1st Canadian Parliament meets
  • 7 Nov 1867: CA - William Annand becomes premier of Nova Scotia, replacing Hiram Blanchard
34 1868 
35 1869 
36 1870 
  • 1870: UK - Primary education becomes compulsory in Britain through the Forster-Ripon English Elementary Education Act (but poor children still roam streets after school). The Act means labourers, spouses and children of succeeding generations can read and write; women permitted to sit on school boards
  • 1870: UK - Parliament passes the Women's Property Act, extending the rights of married women, and the Irish Land Act
  • 1870: UK - First British postcard devised by Anthony Trollope
  • 1870: USA - Wheeler introduces toilet paper roll
  • 1870: Inauguration of London to Calcutta telegraph line, first electronic link between Europe and India
  • 1870: UK - Volume of Britain's external trade equals France, Germany and Italy combined, 3-4 times greater than US; agricultural wages reach height not surpassed for many years
  • 1870: UK - Religious tests abolished for academic posts, patronage abolished for all public offices, competitive exams introduced for Civil Service
  • 1870: Europe - Prussia defeats France in the Franco Prussian War.
  • 1870: CA - The Manitoba Act was given Royal Assent in the 33rd year of Queen Victoria's reign, May 12 1870. Taking effect on July 15, 1870, the Manitoba Act created the Province of Manitoba. The Manitoba Act is a Canadian Statute, and is still part of the Constitution of Canada.
  • 1870: CA - First Dominion of Canada banknote introduced
  • 1870: CA - G.E. King elected Premier of New Brunswick
  • 1870: CA - At the Battle of Oldman River between the Cree and the Blood 340 are killed
  • 1870: CA - George King becomes premier of New Brunswick, replacing Andrew Wetmore
  • 1870: NL - Pokken epidemie in Nederland. In 1871 steigt het aantal doden tot 15.787.
  • 1870: NL - In Nederland wordt de doodstraf afgeschaft.
  • 1870: NL - Vestingwerken rond Coevorden moeten worden gesloopt.
  • 1870: NL - De spoorlijn Meppel-Groningen wordt geopend.
  • 25 May 1870: CA/US - For two weeks the Fenians launch their final attack against Canada, like the others it is unsuccessful
  • 15 Jul 1870: CA - The Hudson's Bay Company's lands are officially transferred to Canada, and the province of Manitoba and the North-West Territories are established
  • 16 Sep 1870: CA - Alfred Boyd becomes the first premier of Manitoba
37 1871 
  • 1871: UK - Trade Unions are legalized
  • 1871: CA - National Meteorological Service is formed
  • 1871: CA - Parliament legalizes the use of the metric system
  • 1871: CA - Ontario Schools Act is passed in Ontario, requiring all students aged 7 to 12 to attend school.
  • 1871: NL - Jan Fabricius geboren in Assen.
  • 10 Mar 1871: CA - Government of Manitoba meets for the first time
  • 2 Apr 1871: CA - The first formal Canadian census, which counted the population of Nova Scotia, Ontario, New Brunswick, and Quebec. In 1918, the Dominion Bureau of Statistics was formed, and replaced by Statistics Canada in 1971. The 1871 census finds the population to be 3,689,257
  • 8 May 1871: CA/US - The Treaty of Washington reaches agreements on fishing rights and Great Lakes trade between Canada and the United States
  • 17 May 1871: CA - New Brunswick abandons separate schools
  • 20 Jul 1871: CA - British Columbia joins Confederation.
  • 25 Jul 1871: CA - Treaty 1, the first of a number of treaties with western Canada's First Nations is signed
  • 17 Aug 1871: CA - Treaty 2 is signed
  • 11 Nov 1871: CA - The last of the British army leaves Canada
  • 13 Nov 1871: CA - John McCreight becomes the first premier of British Columbia
38 1872 
  • 1872: UK - Secret voting is introduced for elections
  • 1872: UK - Parliament passes the Scottish Education Act
  • 1872: USA - A.M. Ward issues the first mail-order catalog.
  • 1872: UK - J.S. Risdon patents the metal windmill.
  • 1872: UK - Period to 1896 sees three economic slumps and two recoveries, said to be due to imported foodstuffs from US depressing Britain's agricultural business
  • 1872: USA - Levi Strauss discovered rugged trousers for miners made out of sturdy brown canvas. Once this resource was exhausted, he turned to denim, which he dyed blue to become what is known now as blue jeans
  • 1872: CA - The Dominion Lands Act provides land to settlers for only a small fee
  • 1872: CA - The Manitoba Free Press is first published
  • 1872: CA - A British Columbia law bans all Asian and First Nations peoples from voting.
  • 1872: CA - Elijah McCoy, born in Colchester, Ontario, invents the first of his many devices to oil engines used on trains and in factories.
  • 1872: CA - The new Patent Act encourages import or licensing of technology and foreign patents by allowing legal use of patent in Canada if not registered in Canada within two years.
  • 1872: CA - An award of arbitration sets the final boundary between Canada and the United States in the Gulf of Georgia and the Strait of Juan de Fuca, ending the San Juan boundary dispute.
  • 31 Mar 1872: CA - The first issue of the Toronto Mail, which would later be merged into the Globe and Mail, is published
  • 15 May 1872: CA - In the first nationwide labour protest, marchers across the land press for the nine-hour workday.
  • 22 Jun 1872: CA - A Grand Trunk Railway express passenger train from Toronto to Montreal derails near Shannonville, Ontario, killing 34.
  • 25 Jun 1872: CA - Frederick Temple Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Earl of Dufferin becomes Governor General of Canada
  • 15 Oct 1872: CA - The Canadian Pacific Railway Company is formed
39 1873 
  • 1873: UK - William Gladstone's government resigns after the defeat of their Irish Universities Bill. Benjamin Disraeli declines to take up office instead
  • 1873: UK - Parmalee invents automatic fire sprinklers
  • 1873: UK - Joseph Glidden invents barbed wire.
  • 1873: UK - The Great Depression lasts until 1896
  • 1873: NL - Atjeh oorlog. Op 8 april landt het Koninklijk Nederlands Indisch Leger op de kust van Sumatra.
  • 1 Apr 1873: CA - The SS Atlantic is wrecked off Peggys Cove
  • 23 May 1873: CA - North-West Mounted Police are founded to police the Northwest Territories, which then included the region today of Alberta and Saskatchewan
  • 1 Jul 1873: CA - Prince Edward Island joins the Canadian Confederation.
  • 25 Aug 1873: CA - A cyclone hits Cape Breton Island killing 500 and causing much damage
  • 8 Nov 1873: CA - Winnipeg incorporated as a city
40 1874 
  • 1874: UK - Benjamin Disraeli becomes Conservative Prime Minister for the second time
  • 1874: USA - American, C. Goodyear, Jr. invents the shoe welt stitcher.
  • 1874: CA - Anabaptists (Russian Mennonites) start to arrive in Manitoba from various Russian colonies.
  • 1874: NL - Kinderwet van Samuel van Houten. Arbeid door kinderen onder de 12 jaar wordt verboden.
  • 26 Jul 1874: CA - Alexander Graham Bell discloses the invention of the telephone to his father at the family home on the outskirts of Brantford, Ontario.
  • 1 Oct 1874: CA - The North-West Mounted Police base at Fort Macleod is founded
41 1875 
  • 1875: UK - Benjamin Disraeli purchases a controlling interest for Britain in the Suez Canal.
  • 1875: UK - Parliament passes R.A. Cross's Conservative social reforms
  • 1875: UK - Collapse of British agriculture due to cheap grain from US, wheat acreage falls by nearly a million acres
  • 1875: CA - Jennifer Trout becomes the first woman licensed to practise medicine in Canada, although Emily Stowe has been doing so without a licence in Toronto since 1867
  • 1875: CA - Grace Lockhart receives from Mount Allison University the first Bachelor of Arts degree awarded to a woman.
  • 1875: CA - Hospital for Sick Children founded.
  • 14 Jan 1875: CA - The Halifax Herald is first published
  • 5 Apr 1875: CA - The Supreme Court of Canada is created
  • 1 Jun 1875: CA - Construction begins on the Canadian Pacific Railway
42 1876 
  • 1876: USA - Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone.
  • 1876: Germany - Nikolas August Otto designed the first four-stroke piston engine
  • 1876: UK - Queen Victoria becomes Empress of India.
  • 1876: Bulgaria - The massacre of Christians in Turkish Bulgaria leads to anti-Turkish campaigns in Britain, led by William Gladstone
  • 1876: UK - Melville Bissell patents the carpet sweeper.
  • 1876: CA - The Indian Act defines the special status and land regulations of Aboriginal peoples in Canada who live on reserves; they have no vote in Canadian elections and are exempt from taxes
  • 1876: CA - The Toronto Women's Literary Club is founded as a front for the suffrage movement
  • 1876: NL - Mata Hari wordt op 7 augustus in Leeuwarden geboren als Margaretha Geertruida Zelle.
  • 1 Jul 1876: CA - The Intercolonial Railway connecting central Canada to the Maritimes is completed
  • 10 Aug 1876: CA - The world's first long-distance phone call connects the Bell residence with a shoe and boot store in nearby Paris, Ontario.
43 1877 
  • 1877: South Africa - Confederation of British and Boer states established
  • 1877: USA - Rutherford Hayes president of the USA 1877-1881.
  • 1877: USA - Thomas Edison invents the cylinder phonograph or tin foil phonograph.
  • 1877: UK - Eadweard Muybridge invents the first moving pictures.
  • 1877: CA - Charles Alphonse Pantaléon Pelletier appointed Minister of Agriculture and called to the Senate of Canada
  • 1877: CA - Manzo Nagano was the first official Japanese immigrant into Canada
  • 1877: CA - Refugee Lakota enter Canada near the end of the Great Sioux War
  • 28 Feb 1877: CA - University of Manitoba founded
44 1878 
  • 1878: Berlin, Germany - The Congress of Berlin is held. Benjamin Disraeli announces peace with honour
  • 1878: CA - Anti-Chinese sentiment in British Columbia reaches a high point as the government bans Chinese workers from public works.
  • 7 Mar 1878: CA - Both the Université de Montréal and the University of Western Ontario are incorporated
45 1879 
46 1880 
  • 1880: UK - William Gladstone establishes his second Liberal government
  • 1880: South Africa - The first Anglo-Boer War begins
  • 1880: UK - British forests now decimated except for bits of the New Forest and the Forest of Dean.
  • 1880: UK - Number of agricultural labourers reduced by about 100,000 in last 10 years
  • 1880: UK - Englishman John Milne invents the modern seismograph.
  • 1880: UK - The British Perforated Paper Company invents a form of toilet paper.
  • 1880: NL - Geboorte van prinses Wilhelmina.
  • 1880: NL - Grote veenbranden teisteren de Zuidoost hoek van Drenthe. Vooral Nieuw Weerdinge wordt zwaar getroffen.
47 1881 
  • 1881: London, UK - Savoy Theatre introduces electric lighting
  • 1881: London, UK - Parliament passes the Irish Land Act and the Coercion Act
  • 1881: USA - Death of Billy the Kid
  • 1881: USA - James Garfield president of the USA 1881. Garfield was wounded by an assassin's bullet on 3 Jul 1881 and dies 19 Sep 1881.
  • 1881: UK - David Houston patents the roll film for cameras.
  • 1881: USA - Alexander Graham Bell invents the first crude metal detector.
  • 1881: UK - Edward Leveaux patents the automatic player piano.
  • 1881: CA - Manitoba's boundaries are extended north, east and west. Ontario disputes the eastward extension.
  • 1881: NL - Assen wordt aangewezen als garnizoensstad.
  • 17 Jan 1881: CA - The Interprovincial Bridge connecting Ottawa to Hull, Quebec, opens
  • 16 Feb 1881: CA - The Canadian Pacific Railway is incorporated
  • 4 Apr 1881: CA - The 1881 census finds Canada's population to be 4,324,810
  • 24 May 1881: CA - The overloaded Victoria steamer capsizes on the Thames River near London, Ontario, killing 182 people.
  • 19 Sep 1881: USA - Chester A. Arthur president of the USA 1881-1885. Vice president under James Garfield, he is sworn in as president upon the death of Garfield.
48 1882 
  • 1882: Europe - A triple alliance is established between Germany, Austria and Italy
  • 1882: USA - Standard Oil controls 95% of oil refining capacity
  • 1882: UK - Stillwell invents brown paper bag
  • 1882: Egypt - Revolt leading to British occupation
  • 1882: CA - John Ware, a Texas cowboy, moves to Alberta. He introduces longhorn cattle into Canada and pioneers the development of rodeo.
  • 17 May 1882: CA - Provisional districts of the North-West Territories are established between Manitoba and British Columbia: the districts of Assiniboia, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and Athabaska
49 1883 
  • 1883: CA - Augusta Stowe, daughter of Emily Stowe, is the first woman to graduate from the Toronto Medical School.
  • 1883: CA - The Toronto Women's Suffrage Association replaces the Literary Club of 1876.
  • 1883: CA - Nickel-copper ore is discovered at Murray Mine in Sudbury during construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway
  • 1883: NL - Vissersramp op 6 maart in Paesens-Moddergat. 17 aken met 83 opvarenden vergaan.
  • 1883: NL - Van Gogh schildert in Drenthe.
  • 31 Aug 1883: CA - The Calgary Herald publishes its first issue
  • 19 Nov 1883: CA - Canada adopts Standard Time
  • 1 Dec 1883: CA - Regina officially declared a town.
50 1884 
  • 1884: Vienna, Austria - Sigmund Freud published a paper in which he found cocaine, an alkaloid in coca, effective against fatigue and neurasthenia.
  • 1884: UK - Hilaire de Chardonnet invented the first artificial textile, which was made from cellulose. It was later named rayon
  • 1884: UK - Parliament passes the third Reform Act which further extends the franchise
  • 1884: UK - Fabian Society forms, rejects Marxian theory, embraces Ricardian theory (socialist)
  • 1884: One-third of world's shipping is British, including 4/5 of world's steamships
  • 1884: Burma - Britain annexes Upper Burma
  • 1884: Africa - Britain and Germany partition East Africa
  • 1884: UK - Excess of births over deaths in England is 13.3, in Germany 10.8, and France 1.4.
  • 1884: USA - James Ritty invents the first working, mechanical cash register.
  • 1884: UK - Charles Parson patents the steam turbine.
  • 1884: USA - Lewis Edson Waterman invents the first practical fountain pen.
  • 1884: USA - George Eastman patents paper-strip photographic film.
  • 1884: CA - Canadian Parliament passes the Indian Advancement Act, encouraging democratic elections of chiefs. Mohawks at St. Regis, Ontario, resist the provision, preferring their traditional method of choosing leaders.
  • 1884: NL - Er wordt een klinkerweg aangelegd tussen Emmen en Sleen.
  • 1884: NL - Stieltjeskanaal bevaarbaar.
  • 1884: NL - Opening spoorweg Groningen-Delfzijl.
  • 2 Jan 1884: CA - "Humber Railway Disaster" 32 men and boys were killed upon the head on collision of a of a Grand Trunk Railway commuter train with an unscheduled freight train #42C near Toronto, Ontario. Most of the dead were workers being transported on the freight train to the Ontario Bolt Works in Swansea.
  • 15 Oct 1884: CA - The La Presse newspaper is founded
51 1885 
  • 1885: Mesopotamia - Death of General Gordon at Khartoum.
  • 1885: USA - Grover Cleveland president of the USA 1885-1889.
  • 1885: Germany - Karl Benz invents the first practical automobile to be powered by an internal combustion engine.
  • 1885: USA - Harim Maxim invents a machine gun.
  • 1885: Germany - Gottlieb Daimler invents the first gas-engined motorcycle.
  • 1885: CA - Banff National Park, the first national park in Canada is established
  • 1885: CA - A head tax on Chinese immigrants is imposed by the federal government
  • 26 Mar 1885: CA - Louis Riel and the Métis battle the North West Mounted Police at Duck Lake
  • 9 May 1885: CA - North-West Rebellion: Battle of Batoche the Métis are defeated in 3 day battle
  • 3 Jun 1885: CA - North-West Rebellion: Battle of Loon Lake. The last Cree resistance is shattered.
  • 2 Jul 1885: CA - Big Bear captured. Big Bear or Mistahimaskwa (c.1825 – 17 January 1888) was born in the Canadian Northwest, and became Chief of the Plains Cree First Nation during the latter half of the nineteenth century. He is most notable for his resistance against the Canadian government.
  • 7 Nov 1885: CA - The transcontinental railway is completed
52 1886 
  • 1886: UK - Gladstone's third Liberal government fails to pass its first Irish Home Rule Bill through the House of Commons. Gladstone resigns as Prime Minister. Split in the Liberal Party. Salisbury establishes his second Conservative-Liberal-Unionist government.
  • 1886: UK - The Royal Niger Company is chartered
  • 1886: South Africa - Gold is discovered in the Transvaal
  • 1886: New York, NY, USA - Statue of Liberty erected in New York Harbour
  • 1886: UK - Local Government Act establishes County Councils as administrative organs of country life, replace Justices of Peace who are preserved as magistrates, creates London County Council (does not cover City); women are included with men in electorate of newly- established County Councils
  • 1886: UK - British South Africa Company, formed by Yorkshireman Cecil Rhodes, colonization of Rhodesia begins
  • 1886: UK - Great Dock Strike of London dockers, led by John Burns and Tom Mann
  • 1886: USA - John Pemberton invents Coca Cola.
  • 1886: USA - Josephine Cochrane invents the dishwasher.
  • 1886: UK - 3,992,880 migrants leave UK for US, 2,235,671 leave UK for British North America during period to 1927
  • 1886: CA - Mohawk men of the Caughnawaga Reserve in Quebec are trained to help build a bridge across the St. Lawrence River, beginning a tradition of high steel construction work among the Iroquois.
  • 1886: CA - Construction begins on the Banff Springs Hotel
  • 25 Mar 1886: CA - Workman's Compensation Act passed in Ontario
  • 6 Apr 1886: CA - Vancouver incorporated as a city
  • 6 Jun 1886: CA - The Parliament buildings open in Ottawa
  • 7 Jun 1886: CA - Elzéar-Alexandre Taschereau becomes the first Canadian cardinal
  • 14 Dec 1886: CA - Yoho National Park established
53 1887 
  • 1887: Germany - Emile Berliner patents the gramophone
  • 1887: UK - Queen Victoria celebrates her Golden Jubilee
  • 1887: UK - The Independent Labour Party is founded
  • 1887: UK - The British East Africa Company is chartered
  • 1887: UK - Telegraph companies control 107,000 miles of submarine cable
  • 1887: USA - There are estimated to be 5,400 cash registers in US (increases to 16,900 in 1890)
  • 1887: Germany - Heinrich Hertz discovers radio waves.
  • 1887: UK - F.E. Muller and Adolph Fick invent the first wearable contact lenses.
  • 1887: NL - In Oostzaan neemt Albert Heijn de winkel van zijn vader over.
  • 3 Mar 1887: CA/US - The United States imposes the Fisheries Retaliation Act putting limits on Canadian fishermen and traders
  • 23 Apr 1887: CA - McMaster University founded
  • 3 May 1887: CA - 148 coal miners are killed in a mine explosion near Nanaimo, British Columbia
  • 3 Dec 1887: CA - Saturday Night is a Canadian general interest magazine. It was founded in Toronto, Ontario in 1887. The publication was first established as a weekly broadsheet newspaper about public affairs and the arts, which was later expanded into a general interest magazine.
54 1888 
  • 1888: UK - Celluloid photographic film introduced
  • 1888: UK - The County Councils' Act establishes representative county based authorities
  • 1888: USA - Kodak box camera
  • 1888: UK - Coin-operated public telephone invented
  • 1888: UK - John Boyd Dunlop patents a commercially successful pneumatic tyre.
  • 1888: USA - Nikola Tesla invents the AC motor and transformer.
  • 1888: USA - Marvin Stone patents the spiral winding process to manufacture the first paper drinking straws.
  • 1888: CA/US - Boundary survey started by Dr. William H. Dall of the United States and Dr. George M. Dawson of Canada.
  • 30 Jun 1888: CA - The Northwest Territories holds its first general election; 22 members of the Legislative Assembly are elected. All are independents; there are no party politics in the territories
55 1889 
  • 1889: UK - The British South Africa Company is chartered
  • 1889: Paris, France - The Eiffel Tower, designed by French engineer Alexandre Gustave Eiffel, is completed for the Paris Exposition.
  • 1889: UK - First Official Secrets Act in UK
  • 1889: USA - Benjamin Harrison president of the USA 1889-1893.
  • 1889: UK - Sir James Dewar and Sir Frederick Abel co-invent Cordite - a type of smokeless gunpowder.
  • 1889: UK - Joshua Pusey invents the matchbook.
  • 1889: CA - The Dominion Women Enfranchisement Association is created to campaign for women's right to vote
  • 1889: NL - Er wordt een klinkerweg aangelegd tussen Emmen, Zuidbarge, Erica naar Nieuw Amsterdam
  • 1889: NL - Jan Fabricius wordt geldloper en krantenbezorger bij de Provinciale Drentsche en Asser Courant.
  • 1889: NL - Jonkheer Van Holthe tot Echten koopt als eerste Drent een auto: hij toert trots met zijn Benz door Assen.
  • 19 Sep 1889: CA - A rock slide in Quebec City kills 45
56 1890 
  • 1890: UK - Starting this decade, women's clothing becomes less voluminous, lawn tennis takes place of croquet as means of meeting opposite sex, bicycle becomes fashionable
  • 1890: NL - Koning Willem III overlijdt. Koningin Emma wordt regentes.
  • 31 Mar 1890: CA - Manitoba Liberals under Thomas Greenway halt public funding of Catholic schools; causes uproar in Quebec.
57 1891 
  • 1891: UK - University of Wales founded; Act permits women to enter medical or other faculty on same terms as men
  • 1891: USA - Jesse W. Reno invents the escalator.
  • 1891: UK - Agricultural depression to 1899 as cheaper frozen meat from Australia, New Zealand and South America floods into Britain, cheaper grain comes in from North America
  • 1891: CA - The Legislative Council of New Brunswick is abolished
  • 1891: NL - Gerard en Anton Philips richten een gloeilampenfabriek op.
  • 21 Feb 1891: CA - The first Springhill Mining Disaster occurs killing 125.
  • 10 Dec 1891: CA - The Canadian Pacific Railway is extended to Edmonton
58 1892 
  • 1892: France - Leon Bouly invents cinematographic film camera
  • 1892: UK - William Gladstone forms his fourth Liberal government
  • 1892: UK - Sir James Dewar invents the Dewar flask or vacuum flask.
  • 1892: Germany - Rudolf Diesel invents the diesel-fueled internal combustion engine.
  • 1892: CA - First documented women's hockey game in takes place in Barrie, Ontario playing on a outdoor ice surface
  • 1892: CA - The Toronto Star founded
  • 1892: CA - Harbord Collegiate Institute was opened
  • 1892: NL - Verschijning van het eerste dagblad de Telegraaf.
  • 1892: NL - Industrieel Willem Albert Scholten komt te overlijden. Hij was de man die veel gedaan heeft voor de veenkoloniale ontwikkeling. Hij was sociaal erg meelevend. Het Scholtenskanaal dankt haar naam aan hem zoals Klazienaveen haar naam ontleend aan zijn vrouw Klaziena van der Sluis.
  • 8 Jul 1892: CA - Two-thirds of St. Johns, Newfoundland, destroyed in a fire
  • 5 Dec 1892: CA - Sir John Sparrow David Thompson becomes PM. One of his first acts is to establish the Criminal Code of Canada, which is the codification of most of the criminal offences and procedure in Canada. Section 91(27) of the Canadian constitution
59 1893 
  • 1893: USA - Whitcomb L. Judson invented the zip to help a friend with a stiff back who could not bend over to do up his shoes
  • 1893: UK - Second Irish Home Rule Bill fails to pass the House of Lords
  • 1893: New Zealand - First nation to grant women the right to vote
  • 1893: France - Car number plates introduced
  • 1893: USA - Grover Cleveland president of the USA 1893-1897.
  • 1893: The Canada Evidence Act is an Act of the Parliament of Canada that regulates the rules of evidence. The Act only applies to law within the jurisdiction of the federal government. Thus the Act applies only to federally enacted courts.
  • 1893: NL - Vissersramp op 1 december in Wierum. 22 vissers komen om.
  • 27 May 1893: CA - Algonquin Park is established as a wildlife sanctuary in Ontario
  • 16 Sep 1893: CA - Calgary incorporated as a city
  • 27 Oct 1893: CA - The National Council of Women meets for the first time
60 1894 
  • 1894: UK - Rosebery takes power with his minority Liberal government
  • 22 Mar 1894: CA - Montreal Hockey Club defeats Ottawa to win the first Stanley Cup challenge.
  • 14 Jun 1894: Massey Hall opens in Toronto. The hall was the site of the legendary Charlie Parker-Dizzy Gillespie concert recorded as Jazz at Massey Hall in May 1953. Accompanying Gillespie and Parker in this acoustically sound hall were Bud Powell, Max Roach, and Charles Mingus.
  • 3 Sep 1894: CA - Labour Day celebrated for the first time in Canada.
61 1895 
  • 1895: UK - Oscar Wilde jailed for homosexuality
  • 1895: UK - Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, using a Crookes' tube, observed a new form of penetrating radiation, which he named X-rays
  • 1895: Italy - Guglielmo Marconi sent longwave wireless telegraphic, or radio, signals over a distance of more than a mile
  • 1895: UK - Salisbury forms his third Unionist ministry
  • 1895: USA - Kellogg's Corn Flakes go on sale
  • 1895: France - Lumiere Brothers invent a portable motion-picture camera, film processing unit and projector called the Cinematographe. The Lumiere Brothers using their Cinematographe are the first to present a projected motion picture to an audience of more that one person.
  • 1895: CA - The Chinese Board of Trade is formed in Vancouver
  • 1895: NL - Koningin Wilhelmina en Koningin-regentes Emma bezoeken Drenthe
  • 2 Oct 1895: CA - Additional provisional districts of the North-West Territories are established: the districts of Ungava, Mackenzie, Yukon, and Franklin. The districts of Keewatin and Athabaska are enlarged so that all points of Canada are either within a province or a district.
62 1896 
  • 1896: Vienna, Austria - Sigmund Freud suggested analyzing childhood conflicts in the study of neuroses. He also devised a psychoanalytic technique called free association which allows emotionally-charged, repressed material to be consciously recognized
  • 1896: Sudan - British conquest of the Sudan begins
  • 1896: USA - Lightner Witmer establishes at the University of Pennsylvania a clinic of psychology, the first psychological clinic in America and perhaps in the world
  • 1896: UK - Items considered luxuries in 1837 are now common comforts; food, clothing, bedding, furniture, are all far more abundant; gas and oil lighting being replaced by electricity; seaside holidays no longer rare
  • 1896: UK - Howard publishes Garden Cities of Tomorrow, forerunner of modern city planning
  • 1896: York, UK - Seebohm Rowntree (of chocolate fame) studies poor, determines poverty due to inadequate wages, not shiftlessness
  • 1896: USA - American, H. O'Sullivan invents the rubber heel.
  • 1896: CA - A plan to populate the western prairies with immigration from eastern Europe is unveiled
  • 1896: CA - The first Canadian blast furnace opens in Hamilton, Ontario
  • 1896: NL - NL - Notaris Baccx rijdt als eerste in Nederland met een eigen auto.
  • 26 May 1896: CA - a bridge collapse in Victoria, British Columbia kills 55 people
  • 17 Aug 1896: CA - Gold is discovered in the Yukon, prompting the Klondike gold rush
63 1897 
  • 1897: UK - Queen Victoria celebrates her Diamond Jubilee
  • 1897: USA - Telephone penetration in US is 7 per 1,000 people
  • 1897: USA - William McKinley president of the USA 1897-1901. William McKinley dies in Buffalo, NY, 1901.
  • 1897: NL - Coevorden aangesloten op het Overijsselse tramnet.
  • 29 Jan 1897: CA - The Victorian Order of Nurses is founded in Ottawa and created as a gift for Queen Victoria for the purposes of home care and social services.
  • 2 Feb 1897: CA - Clara Brett Martin becomes the first woman allowed to practice law in Ontario
  • 19 Feb 1897: CA - World's first Women's Institute founded in Stoney Creek, Ontario
64 1898 
  • 1898: UK - Christopher Latham Sholes patented the typewriter. His QWERTY keyboard is still with us today.
  • 1898: Sudan - British rule over Sudan fully established
  • 1898: USA - Campbell's soups first appear with red and white labels, colors suggested by Cornell University's football uniforms.
  • 1898: USA - Spanish-American War: United States vs Spain 1898.
  • 1898: UK - Edwin Prescott patents the roller coaster.
  • 1898: CA - The Parliament of Canada passed the Quebec Boundary Extension Act that expanded the provincial boundaries northward to include the lands of the aboriginal Cree.
  • 1898: CA - White Pass and Yukon Railway opens
  • 1898: CA - Kit Coleman covers the Spanish-American War as Canada's first female war correspondent
  • 1898: NL - Inhuldiging van koningin Wilhelmina te Amsterdam.
  • 1898: NL - De Motor Tram Omnibus van Meijer gaat rijden.
65 1899 
  • 1899: Germany - German Naval expansion begins
  • 1899: South Africa - Boer War begins and lasts three years, sparked when Englishman dies in Boer police custody. Scandalous British concentration camps cause many deaths of woman and children
  • 1899: Australia - Unification of Australia as Commonwealth
  • 1899: UK - Judges again declare trade unions illegal
  • 1899: UK - J.S. Thurman patents the motor-driven vacuum cleaner.
  • 1899: UK - I.R. Johnson patents the bicycle frame.
  • 1899: UK - Education is now compulsory to age 12. 1 in 8 receives education after age 14
  • 1899: NL - De Transvaalse Oorlog breekt uit in Zuid-Afrika
  • 20 Jan 1899: About 2000 Doukhobors arrive in Halifax, Nova Scotia. They are a Christian group of Russian origin who continue to live today in south-eastern British Columbia and Saskatchewan.
  • 21 Jun 1899: CA - Treaty No. 8 cedes much of northern Alberta to the federal government
  • 18 Sep 1899: CA - The new City Hall building opens in Toronto.
  • 4 Oct 1899: CA - First Canadian troops sent to an overseas war (Boer War)
66 1900 
  • 1900: UK - Salisbury wins the Khaki election. The Labour Representation Committee is formed
  • 1900: UK - Max Planck proposes quantum theory
  • 1900: UK - There are reckoned to be 6,000 accountants in England
  • 1900: China - Boxer Rebellion
  • 1900: Italy - King Assassinated
  • 1900: USA - Kodak Introduces $1 Brownie Cameras
  • 1900: Vienna, Austria - Sigmund Freud Publishes The Interpretation of Dreams
  • 1900: UK - Birmingham University founded
  • 1900: Germany - The zeppelin invented by Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin.
  • 1900: USA - Charles Seeberger redesigned Jesse Reno's escalator and invented the modern escalator.
  • 1900: CA - The federal government doubles the head tax on Chinese immigrants
  • 1900: CA - The Canadian Tuberculosis Association meets for the first time
  • 18 Feb 1900: CA - Boer War: The Royal Canadian Regiment plays a decisive role in the Battle of Paardeburg over a span of 9 days.
  • 26 Apr 1900: CA - Two-thirds of Hull, Quebec, is destroyed in a fire.
  • 6 Dec 1900: CA - Alphonse Desjardins founds Mouvement Desjardins, the first credit union in North America.
67 1901 
68 1902 
69 1903 
70 1904 
71 1905 
72 1906 
73 1907 
74 1908 
75 1909 
  • 1909: UK - Pianos reach maximum market penetration in UK households at one per ten people
  • 1909: UK - 800 million postcards sold in England
  • 1909: Japan - Prince Ito is Assassinated
  • 1909: UK - Plastic Is Invented
  • 1909: Arctic - Robert Peary Becomes the First to Reach the North Pole
  • 1909: USA - William Taft president of the USA 1909-1913.
  • 1909: UK - Instant coffee invented by G. Washington.
  • 1909: NL - Prinses Juliana geboren.
  • 1909: NL - Opening N.O.L.S. spoorlijn Delfzijl-Zuidbroek.
76 1910 
77 1911 
78 1912 
  • 1912: North Sea - The Sinking of the Titanic: 1,515 people lose their lives.
  • 1912: UK - Parachutes Invented
  • 1912: UK - Piltdown Man, the 'Missing Link,' Discovered but later revealed as a fraud
  • 1912: SOS Accepted as Universal Distress Signal
  • 1912: UK - Motorized movie cameras invented, and replaced hand-cranked cameras.
  • 1912: UK - The first tank patented by Australian inventor De La Mole.
  • 1912: USA - Clarence Crane created Life Savers candy
  • 1912: NL - De ondergang van de Titanic.
  • 1912: NL - De eerste officiële Elfstedentocht wordt gewonnen door Coen de Koning.
79 1913 
  • 1913: USA - Leo Baekeland invented a plastic laminate, known as Bakelite, and later as Formica
  • 1913: Detroit, MI, USA - First assembly line introduced in Ford automobile factory
  • 1913: New York, NY, USA - The Armory Show, an international display of some 1600 works of modern art, and one of the more important U.S. art exhibitions ever held, opens at the 69th-regiment armory. It arouses public curiosity, generates sensational news coverage, and helps change the direction of American art
  • 1913: USA - Personal Income Tax introduced
  • 1913: Washington, DC, USA - Woodrow Wilson president 1913-1921.
  • 1913: UK - The crossword puzzle was invented by Arthur Wynne.
  • 1913: USA - The Merck Chemical Company patented what is now known as ecstasy.
  • 1913: USA - Mary Phelps Jacob invents the bra
  • 1913: USA - Gideon Sundback invents the modern zipper.
  • 1913: NL - Gasselternijveen vierde havenstad van Nederland na Amsterdam,Rotterdam en Groningen.
80 1914 
81 1915 
82 1916 
83 1917 
84 1918 
  • 1918: UK - Influenza Epidemic
  • 1918: Russia - Czar Nicholas II and his family are killed
  • 1918: UK - Summer:Great Influenza Epidemic begins, reaches height end of year, new outbreak first quarter of 1919: England and Wales lose 150,000 (15,000 in London alone)
  • 1918: UK - Final casualties for World War I - almost 1 million British Empire men killed, about 3 million maimed (744,000 killed are from UK)
  • 1918: UK - Women over 30 given the vote (complete voting equality with men comes in 1928), all men over 21 (except peers, lunatics and felons) given vote
  • 1918: UK - Consumer purchasing power now about 1/3 of what it was in 1914
  • 1918: USA - Charles Jung invented fortune cookies.
  • 1918: UK - Police strikes this year and the next
  • 1918: NL - NL - De Spaanse griep veroorzaakt wereldwijd meer dan 20 miljoen doden.
  • 9 Nov 1918: Europe - Kaiser abdicates, peace signed two days later at Treaty of Versailles, ending World War I
85 1919 
86 1920 
87 1921 
88 1922 
89 1923 
90 1924 
91 1925 
92 1926 
93 1927 
94 1928 
95 1929 
96 1930 
97 1931 
98 1932 
99 1933 
100 1934 
101 1935 
  • 1935: USA - First successful three-color roll film available to amateur photographers as Kodachrome, for slides, this year, and as Kodacolor (for prints) in 1942.
  • 1935: UK - First Kit Kat sold
  • 1935: USA - Alcoholics Anonymous Founded
  • 1935: Germany - Anti-Jewish Nuremberg Laws issued
  • 1935: UK - John Maynard Keynes Suggests New Economic Theory
  • 1935: USA - Wallace Carothers and DuPont Labs invent nylon
  • 1935: USA - The first canned beer made.
  • 1935: NL - Behalve het bekende Noorder Dierenpark dat op 1 mei wordt geopend, wordt tevens de oudheidskamer in gebruik genomen
  • 1935: NL - Noorder Sanatorium wordt gebouwd in Zuidlaren
102 1936 
103 1937 
104 1938 
105 1939 
106 1940 
107 1941 
108 1942 
109 1943 
110 1944 
  • 1944: France - D-Day landings
  • 1944: France - First German V1 and V2 Rockets Fired
  • 1944: Berlin, Germany - Hitler Escapes Assassination Attempt
  • 1944: USA - The kidney dialysis machine invented by Willem Kolff.
  • 1944: USA - Synthetic cortisone invented by Percy Lavon Julian.
111 1945 
  

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