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 1844 - Aft 1881 (> 38 years)
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Date |
Event(s) |
| 1 | 1844 | |
| 2 | 1845 | |
| 3 | 1846 | - 1846: UK - Repeal of the Corn Laws, Britain moves towards complete free trade
- 1846: UK - Electric Telegraph Company formed, 17 offices by 1854
- 1846: USA - Mexican-American War 1846-1848.
- 1846: USA - Dr. William Morton, a Massachusetts dentist, is the first to use anesthesia for tooth extraction.
- 1846: CA/UK - The Irish potato famine begins, marking a change in the composition of Irish immigrating to Canada from mostly rich, well-connected, respectable Protestants to vastly poor, ill-equipped, poorly-treated Catholics.
- 1846: CA - Mines north of Lake Superior are explored.
- 1846: CA - The new canal, from Lachine, overcomes a fall of 42 ft., in 8 1/2 miles, by two locks of 13 ft. and two of 8 ft. Equal fall of the whole river would wield 4,500,000 horse power.
- 1846: NL - Voedselschaarste in Drenthe
- 1846: NL - Emigratie naar Michigan (USA) uit Drenthe komt op gang. Eerste 56 Drenthen vertrekken.
- 16 May 1846: CA/UK - Under the leadership of British Prime Minister Robert Peel, the British Parliament repeals the Corn Laws, replacing the old Colonial mercantile trade system with Free Trade.
- 9 Jun 1846: CA - Burning of St. John's, Newfoundland.
- 12 Jun 1846: CA- Theatre burned at Quebec.
- 15 Jun 1846: CA/US/UK - Britain and United States settle the long-disputed boundary across the Columbia District or Oregon Country from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific, by drawing the boundary across the mountains along the 49th Parallel to the Strait of Georgia, and leaving the Colony of Vancouver Island, established in 1843, intact.
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| 4 | 1847 | - 1847: UK - Flourens discovered the anesthetic properties of chloroform
- 1847: USA - Levi Strauss invents denim jeans
- 1847: UK - Hungarian Ignaz Semmelweis invents antisceptics.
- 1847: CA - St. Lawrence canal system completed. Faster and cheaper than US system, but growing US railroads are now the real threat.
- 1847: CA - Typhus outbreak as over 3,000 immigrants arrive in Bytown (Ottawa) in the height of summer. The Rideau Canal is shutdown to prevent further spread of the outbreak. 167 die in quarantine.
- 1847: CA/US - Outbreak of measles among the Cayuse of the Pacific Northwest.
- 1847: NL - Een duur jaar, een 6 ponds roggebrood kost 67,5 cent.
- 30 Jan 1847: CA - Lord Elgin, Governor, arrives at Montreal.
- 1 Sep 1847: CA - Lord Elgin visits the immigrant 'fever' sheds at Pointe St. Charles, Montreal.
- 18 Oct 1847: CA - Telegraph Line from Quebec to London, Canada West, complete.
- 23 Oct 1847: CA - 65 immigrants die in a week at Pointe St. Charles neighbourhood of Montreal.
- 1 Nov 1847: CA - 9,634 deaths of immigrants since 1st Jan
- 19 Nov 1847: CA - The railway from Montreal to Lachine is opened.
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| 5 | 1848 | - 1848: UK - Major Chartist demonstration in London.
- 1848: UK - Parliament passes the Public Health Act
- 1848: UK - Karl Marx publishes The Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital
- 1848: UK - 5000 miles of railway tracks now laid, 2000 of which were equipped with telegraph wires; Britain now produces about half of world's pig iron, trebles output within 30 years
- 1848: UK - Queen's College for Women founded
- 1848: CA - First telegraph lines in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick.
- 1848: NL - Grondwetsherziening door Thorbecke.
- 1848: NL - Aanleg van de weg Assen-Bareveld voltooid.
- 2 Jan 1848: CA - Maple sugar is made in St. Anselme.
- 20 Sep 1848: CA - Opening of the Jesuits' College, Montreal.
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| 6 | 1849 | - 1849: USA - Zachary Taylor president of the USA 1849-1850. Zachary Taylor died while in office.
- 1849: UK - Walter Hunt invents the safety pin.
- 1849: CA - The Beauharnois Canal, just southwest of Montreal is opened.
- 1849: CA/US - The boundary at the 49th parallel is extended to the Pacific Ocean (bisecting Point Roberts, Washington).
- 1849: CA - The Courthouse Rebellion is launched by the Red River Métis.
- 1849: NL - Koning Willem II overlijdt aan een hartinfarct. Op 12 mei wordt koning Willem III ingehuldigd.
- 1849: NL - De Denen blokkeren de Pruisische havens. Op de rede van Delfzijl liggen in een maand 173 vreemde schepen.
- 1 Jan 1849: CA - King's College becomes the University of Toronto
- 7 Apr 1849: CA - A large fire engulfs Toronto's downtown section. Started at 1 a.m. of an unknown cause, it started behind a tavern in the market section catching some hay then spread rapidly before destroying numerous buildings, including St. James cathedral. Flames could be seen from across Lake Ontario at St. Catharines, 40 km distant.
- May 1849: CA - The Hayes House in Dalhousie Square, leased for Parliamentary purposes. The parliament is to sit alternately in Quebec City and Toronto.
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| 7 | 1850 | - 1850: USA - American Joel Houghton invented the first dishwasher. He made it out of wood, and gave it a hand-turned wheel that splashed water on the dishes inside. It didn't really work, but it did get the first 'dishwasher' patent
- 1850: UK - First machine-made paper bag
- 1850: UK - Mines Inspectorate created, helps protect adult male mine workers
- 1850: USA - Millard Fillmore president of the USA 1850-1853. Vice president under Zachary Taylor, he was sworn in as president after Taylor's death.
- 1850: US - In the United States, the Fugitive Slave Act is passed. It provides that even free persons can be made a slave if suspected of being a runaway. As a result, more fugitive slaves and free Black persons come to Canada.
- 1850: CA - The site of John By's headquarters during the construction of the Rideau Canal is incorporated as Bytown (now Ottawa).
- 1850: CA - Gold discovered in British Columbia, and coal on Vancouver Island.
- 1850: CA - The Canadian government passes the Railway Guarantee Act.
- 1850: NL - Ridderschap in Drenthe afgeschaft.
- 1850: NL - Drenthe telt 82 kilometer verharde weg: het grootste deel langs de Drentsche Hoofdvaart.
- 11 Oct 1850: CA - The St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railroad opens
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| 8 | 1851 | - 1851: UK - The Great Exhibition is staged in Hyde Park. Thanks to Prince Albert, it is a great success
- 1851: UK - Window tax abolished
- 1851: USA - Patent for sewing machine issued to Isaac Singer
- 1851: UK - British Census shows 10,736,000 females, 8,155,000 of whom were aged 10 and older, largest occupational group domestic service workers, 905,000, 145,000 washerwomen, 55,000 charwomen (cleaners), 272,000 in cotton industry, 113,000 in woolen industry, 140,000 in lace, hosiery and linen
- 1851: Europe - First submarine cable, Dover to Calais
- 1851: London, UK - Reuters opens news agency
- 1851: Africa - Livingstone's explorations begin
- 1851: Australia - Population of Australia rises from 405,000 in 1851 to 1,168,000 in 1861
- 1851: CA - The United Kingdom transfers control of the colonial postal system to Canada.
- 1851: NL - Het katholieke kerkhof te Oude Pekela aangelegd.
- 25 Apr 1851: CA - Prince Edward Island wins responsible government
- 30 Aug 1851: CA - The Vancouver Island legislature meets for the first time
- Sep 1851: Melbourne, Australia - Gold fever - 19,000 immigrants land in one month, for the whole year 94,664, seven times as many as 1851
- 11 Oct 1851: CA - The St. L. & A. Railway is opened to Richmond.
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| 9 | 1852 | - 1852: UK - Death of the Duke of Wellington
- 1852: UK - Derby's first minority Conservative government
- 1852: UK - Aberdeen's coalition government is established
- 1852: NL - De postzegels worden ingevoerd.
- 15 Jan 1852: CA - Trinity College opens
- 8 Jul 1852: CA - Beginning of a fire which burns 11,000 houses in Montreal.
- Oct 1852: CA - he Bank of Montreal issues notes like the Bank of England's; denomination water-marked.
- 25 Oct 1852: CA - The Toronto Stock Exchange opens
- 8 Dec 1852: CA - Laval's Seminaire du Quebec founds Université Laval, North America's oldest French Language university.
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| 10 | 1853 | - 1853: UK - Potato crisps invented by a cook named George Crum.
- 1853: Crimea - Florence Nightingale first recommended the regimen of cleanliness which dramatically reduced the death rate in hospitals
- 1853: UK - Vaccination against smallpox is made compulsory
- 1853: UK - Queen Victoria uses chloroform during birth of Prince Leopold
- 1853: UK - William Gladstone presents his first budget
- 1853: UK - Franklin Pierce president of the USA 1853-1857.
- 1853: The Grand Trunk Railway is Chartered. It was a railway system which operated in Quebec and Ontario, as well as Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Vermont. The railway was operated from headquarters in Montreal, Quebec. The Grand Trunk and its subsidiaries, along with the Canadian Government Railways, was a primary precursor of today's Canadian National Railways.
The GTR had three important subsidiaries during its lifetime:
Central Vermont Railway which operated in Quebec, Vermont, Massachusetts and Connecticut.
Grand Trunk Pacific Railway which operated in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and British Columbia.
Grand Trunk Western Railroad which operated in Michigan, Indiana, and Illinois.
- 1853: CA - Mary Ann Shadd becomes the first woman in North America to become editor of a newspaper. Working out of Chatham, Ontario, she publishes, edits and writes in the Provincial Freeman, a newspaper serving the Black community in Ontario.
- 23 Feb 1853: CA - A description of the proposed bridge across the St. Lawrence is published
- 6 Jun 1853: CA - Gavazzi Riot in Quebec are quelled by military.
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| 11 | 1854 | - 1854: UK - The Northcote-Trevelyan civil service report is published
- 1854: UK - John Tyndall demonstrates the principles of fiber optics.
- 1854: UK - Crimean War begins, as Britain and France attempt to defend European interests in the Middle East against Russia
- 1854: CA - Establishment of the African Baptist Association of Nova Scotia
- 1854: NL - Lijfstraffen geschrapt uit het strafrecht. De doodstraf wordt beperkt tot ophanging boven een luik.
- 1854: NL - Het KNMI wordt bij koninklijk besluit van Koning Willem III opgericht.
- 27 Jan 1854: CA - The Great Western Railway opens, linking Toronto, Hamilton and Windsor.
- 27 Oct 1854: CA - A Great Western Railway passenger train collides with the tail end of gravel train at Baptiste Creek, Canada West. At least 52 people are killed.
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| 12 | 1855 | - 1855: UK - John Snow, investigating London's piped water supply, showed graphically that cholera could be transmitted by water from a particular pump.
- 1855: UK - Palmerston's first government comes to power
- 1 Jan 1855: CA - own is renamed Ottawa.
- 8 Mar 1855: CA/US - A bridge over the Niagara River near Niagara Falls is completed
- 17 Apr 1855: CA - Charlottetown incorporated as a city
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| 13 | 1856 | |
| 14 | 1857 | - 1857: Atlantic - Cyrus Field made his first attempt at laying a trans-Atlantic telegraph cable. In 1866, his fourth attempt was successful.
- 1857: China - The Second Opium War opens China to European trade.
- 1857: India - The Indian Mutiny erupts against British Rule on the sub-continent
- 1857: USA - James Buchanan president of the USA 1857-1861.
- 1857: USA - George Pullman invents the Pullman Sleeping Car for train travel.
- 1857: CA - Grand Trunk Railway (Windsor-Montreal) completed, but $7 million in debt.
- 1857: CA/UK - Queen Victoria names Ottawa as capital of the Province of Canada.
- 1857: CA - The Palliser Expedition begins its exploration of Western Canada.
- 1857: CA - Coal mining begins at Coal Harbor on the Kenai Peninsula.
- 12 Mar 1857: CA - The bridge over Desjardins Canal, near Hamilton, Canada West, collapses under a Great Western Railway passenger train. About 60 people die.
- 31 Dec 1857: CA - Ottawa is chosen as the new capital of the Canadas
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| 15 | 1858 | - 1858: UK - Derby establishes his second minority government
- 1858: UK - Parliament passes the India Act
- 1858: UK - Eraser fitted to end of pencil
- 1858: UK - Jean Lenoir invents an internal combustion engine.
- 1858: UK - Hamilton Smith patents the rotary washing machine.
- 1858: CA - The Canadian government imposes revenue tariffs on US manufactured goods to pay for railroad debts.
- 1858: CA - The Halifax-Truro line begins rail service.
- 1858: CA - The Fraser Canyon Gold Rush starts, leading to the creation of the Colony of British Columbia on the Mainland and igniting the Fraser Canyon War.
- 1858: CA - The Toronto Islands are created after a fierce storm detaches the island from the mainland at the Eastern gap.
- 1858: CA - The British Columbia Provincial Police are established.
- 1858: NL - De aardappel wordt algemeen geaccepteerd als voedingsmiddel.
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| 16 | 1859 | - 1859: UK - Charles Darwin's book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection or the Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life asserts that all life had a common ancestor and that the origin of species was natural selection
- 1859: UK - Palmerston brings his second Liberal government to power.
- 1859: UK - Samuel Smiles' Self-Help published
- 1859: CA - Abraham Shadd is elected to the town council in Raleigh, Ontario and becomes the first Black elected to public office.
- 1859: CA - William Hall, born in Hants County, Nova Scotia, becomes the first Nova Scotian and the first Black to win the Victoria Cross for Bravery in the war. The Victoria Cross is the highest military honour in the Commonwealth of Nations.
- 1859: US - De Stoeckl returns to U.S. from St. Petersburg with authority to negotiate the sale of Alaska.
- 1859: CA - McGowan's War, a juridicial and political crisis in the Fraser River goldfieldsinvolving a spillover of San Francisco politics into British territory, has the potential to escalate into an annexationist uprising but is settled peaceably. Marines and Royal Engineers are dispatched to Yale, led by Colonel Clement Francis Moody and escorting Justice Matthew Baillie Begbie to resolve the matter, which ends amicably, and reassert British sovereignty over the fledgling Mainland Colony.
- 1859: CA - Lyman Cutler, an American settler, homesteads on San Juan Island in defiance of British claims and triggers off the Pig War.
- 1859: NL - De eerste (verharde) grindweg wordt aangelegd van Klinkmolenbrug, via Noordbarge tot Emmen en via Odoorn naar Gieten. M.Middelveldt wordt nu genoemd als loper voor de posterijen van Borger naar Emmen en terug.
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| 17 | 1860 | - 1860: UK - Joseph Wilson Swan invented the light bulb, an incandescent lamp using a carbon filament.
- 1860: UK - Gladstone's budget and the Anglo-French Cobden Treaty codifies and extends the principles of free trade
- 1860: NL - Officiële afschaffing van de slavernij in Nederlandsch-Indië.
- 1860: NL - Hiddingh koopt het hele Compascuum inclusief de kosten voor fl 89.252,--
- 27 Jun 1860: CA - The first Queen's Plate race is held in Toronto
- 25 Aug 1860: CA - Montreal's Victoria Bridge opens
- 1 Sep 1860: CA - The construction of the Canadian House of Commons began. The cornerstone of the Parliament buildings is laid this day.
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| 18 | 1861 | - 1861: UK - Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis published his deduction that childbirth fever was transmitted on the hands of doctors during their examinations
- 1861: UK - Death of Prince Albert, Prince Consort
- 1861: Australia - Women first given vote
- 1861: USA - Abraham Lincoln president of the USA 1861-1865.
- 1861: USA - Elisha Otis patents elevator safety brakes, creating a safer elevator.
- 1861: USA - Linus Yale invents the Yale lock or cylinder lock.
- 1861: USA - American Civil War (to 1865)
- 1861: CA -Viscount Monck becomes Governor-General.
- 1861: CA - Joseph Howe became Premier of Nova Scotia
- 1861: CA - Dr. Anderson Ruffin Abbott becomes the first Canadian Born Black to graduate from medical school.
- 1861: CA - The Cariboo Gold Rush starts in British Columbia.
- 14 Apr 1861: CA - A major flood hits Montreal
- 15 Apr 1861: CA - Nova Scotia: resolution for provincial union by Joseph Howe for referral to the other British North American provinces in July.
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| 19 | 1862 | - 1862: France - Louis Pasteur published the germ theory: infection is caused by self-replicating microorganisms, and that attenuated viral cultures granted immunity. These beneficent antigens he named vaccines in honor of Edward Jenner and his vaccinia virus
- 1862: UK - Parliament passes the Limited Liability Act in order to provide vital stimulus to accumulation of capital in shares
- 1862: UK - Alexander Parkes invents the first man-made plastic, Parkesine.
- 1862: UK - Dr. Richard Gatling patents the machine gun.
- 1862: CA - The first female student is accepted into Mount Allison University in Sackville, New Brunswick
- 1862: CA/US - Smallpox sweeps through Fort Victoria area and down the length of the northwest coast, killing an estimated 200,000 Indian people - William Duncan, an Anglican missionary on the northwest coast, establishes the village of Metlakatla with 50 Tsimshian followers, who adopt the Christian faith and a European lifestyle. By 1880, more than 1,000 converts live there.
- 7 Apr 1862: US/UK - United Kingdom-United States treaty for suppression of African slave trade is signed
- 20 May 1862: CA - Macdonald-Cartier government falls. Free interprovincial trade granted by the Crown
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| 20 | 1863 | |
| 21 | 1864 | - 1864: UK - Chimney-sweeper's Act, due in part to Charles Kinglsey's Water Babies
- 1864: UK - Great Battle of Berkhamstead Common saves common land, Epping Forest also saved
- 1864: UK - Reform Bill, working men given franchise
- 1864: Canada - First independent dominion in the British Empire under the Dominion of Canada Act
- 1864: UK - Judge declares trades unions illegal
- 29 Jun 1864: CA - An train of newly arrived immigrants fails to stop at the open swing span near Beloeil, Canada East. The Grand Trunk Railway train runs into the Richelieu River, killing 99.
- 18 Jul 1864: US - North-South negotiations begin at Niagara Falls, New York
- 1 Sep 1864: CA - Charlottetown Conference, noted as the first step towards Canadian Confederation
- 19 Oct 1864: CA/US - The St. Albans Raid was the northernmost land action of the American Civil War, taking place in St. Albans, Vermont on October 19, 1864.
In this unusual incident, Bennett H. Young led Confederate States Army forces. Young had become a prisoner of war after the Battle of Salineville in Ohio ended Morgan's Raid the year before; he later escaped to Canada (then the Province of Canada, part of the British Empire) and returned to the South, where he proposed raids on the Union from the Canadian border to build the Confederate treasury and force the Union Army to protect the northern border and diverting troops from the South. Young was commissioned as a lieutenant and returned to Canada, where he recruited other escaped rebels to participate in a raid St. Albans, Vermont, a quiet town 15 miles (25 km) from the Canadian border.
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| 22 | 1865 | |
| 23 | 1866 | - 1866: UK - Gregor Mendel, in Versuche über Pflantenhybriden, interpreted heredity in terms of a pairing of dominant and/or recessive unit characters; that is, ones that could in practice be treated as indivisible and independent particles
- 1866: UK - Alfred Nobel patented dynamite
- 1866: UK - Russell and Gladstone fail to have their moderate Reform Bill passed in parliament. Derby takes power in his third minority Conservative government
- 1866: UK - Englishman Robert Whitehead invents a torpedo.
- 1866: UK - J. Osterhoudt patents the tin can with a key opener.
- 1866: CA/US - North wins Civil War with large manufacturing growth, large army and anger at British for supporting South. Threats in US Congress to annex Canada. RR's and settlers expanding rapidly west. Reciprocal trade treaty annihilated by US.
- 2 Jun 1866: CA/US - Battle of Ridgeway, Fenians invade Canada, giving Irish republicans at home a greater advantage over the British back home
- 1 Jul 1866: CA - The Province of Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick are united into the Dominion of Canada by the British North America Act.
- 6 Aug 1866: CA - the Colonies of Vancouver Island and Colony of British Columbia are united, bearing the Mainland's name as the United Colonies of Vancouver Island and British Columbia but with the Island capital, Victoria, as the seat of government of the united colony.
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| 24 | 1867 | - 1867: UK - Derby and Benjamin Disraeli's Second Reform Bill doubles the franchise to two million.
- 1867: UK - Christopher Scholes invents the first practical and modern typewriter.
- 1867: CA - Andrew R. Wetmore becomes premier of New Brunswick, replacing Peter Mitchell
- 1867: NL - De graanoogsten in Drenthe mislukken. Vooral Sleen en Zweeloo worden ernstig getroffen.
- 29 Mar 1867: CA/UK - Queen Victoria gives royal assent to the British North America Act, 1867
- 1 Jul 1867: CA - Sir John A. Macdonald becomes the first prime minister of the Dominion of Canada
- 4 Jul 1867: CA - Hiram Blanchard becomes premier of Nova Scotia, replacing Charles Tupper
- 15 Jul 1867: CA - Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau becomes the first premier of Quebec.
- 16 Jul 1867: CA - J. S. Macdonald becomes the first premier of Ontario
- 6 Nov 1867: CA - the 1st Canadian Parliament meets
- 7 Nov 1867: CA - William Annand becomes premier of Nova Scotia, replacing Hiram Blanchard
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| 25 | 1868 | |
| 26 | 1869 | |
| 27 | 1870 | - 1870: UK - Primary education becomes compulsory in Britain through the Forster-Ripon English Elementary Education Act (but poor children still roam streets after school). The Act means labourers, spouses and children of succeeding generations can read and write; women permitted to sit on school boards
- 1870: UK - Parliament passes the Women's Property Act, extending the rights of married women, and the Irish Land Act
- 1870: UK - First British postcard devised by Anthony Trollope
- 1870: USA - Wheeler introduces toilet paper roll
- 1870: Inauguration of London to Calcutta telegraph line, first electronic link between Europe and India
- 1870: UK - Volume of Britain's external trade equals France, Germany and Italy combined, 3-4 times greater than US; agricultural wages reach height not surpassed for many years
- 1870: UK - Religious tests abolished for academic posts, patronage abolished for all public offices, competitive exams introduced for Civil Service
- 1870: Europe - Prussia defeats France in the Franco Prussian War.
- 1870: CA - The Manitoba Act was given Royal Assent in the 33rd year of Queen Victoria's reign, May 12 1870. Taking effect on July 15, 1870, the Manitoba Act created the Province of Manitoba. The Manitoba Act is a Canadian Statute, and is still part of the Constitution of Canada.
- 1870: CA - First Dominion of Canada banknote introduced
- 1870: CA - G.E. King elected Premier of New Brunswick
- 1870: CA - At the Battle of Oldman River between the Cree and the Blood 340 are killed
- 1870: CA - George King becomes premier of New Brunswick, replacing Andrew Wetmore
- 1870: NL - Pokken epidemie in Nederland. In 1871 steigt het aantal doden tot 15.787.
- 1870: NL - In Nederland wordt de doodstraf afgeschaft.
- 1870: NL - Vestingwerken rond Coevorden moeten worden gesloopt.
- 1870: NL - De spoorlijn Meppel-Groningen wordt geopend.
- 25 May 1870: CA/US - For two weeks the Fenians launch their final attack against Canada, like the others it is unsuccessful
- 15 Jul 1870: CA - The Hudson's Bay Company's lands are officially transferred to Canada, and the province of Manitoba and the North-West Territories are established
- 16 Sep 1870: CA - Alfred Boyd becomes the first premier of Manitoba
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| 28 | 1871 | - 1871: UK - Trade Unions are legalized
- 1871: CA - National Meteorological Service is formed
- 1871: CA - Parliament legalizes the use of the metric system
- 1871: CA - Ontario Schools Act is passed in Ontario, requiring all students aged 7 to 12 to attend school.
- 1871: NL - Jan Fabricius geboren in Assen.
- 10 Mar 1871: CA - Government of Manitoba meets for the first time
- 2 Apr 1871: CA - The first formal Canadian census, which counted the population of Nova Scotia, Ontario, New Brunswick, and Quebec. In 1918, the Dominion Bureau of Statistics was formed, and replaced by Statistics Canada in 1971. The 1871 census finds the population to be 3,689,257
- 8 May 1871: CA/US - The Treaty of Washington reaches agreements on fishing rights and Great Lakes trade between Canada and the United States
- 17 May 1871: CA - New Brunswick abandons separate schools
- 20 Jul 1871: CA - British Columbia joins Confederation.
- 25 Jul 1871: CA - Treaty 1, the first of a number of treaties with western Canada's First Nations is signed
- 17 Aug 1871: CA - Treaty 2 is signed
- 11 Nov 1871: CA - The last of the British army leaves Canada
- 13 Nov 1871: CA - John McCreight becomes the first premier of British Columbia
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| 29 | 1872 | - 1872: UK - Secret voting is introduced for elections
- 1872: UK - Parliament passes the Scottish Education Act
- 1872: USA - A.M. Ward issues the first mail-order catalog.
- 1872: UK - J.S. Risdon patents the metal windmill.
- 1872: UK - Period to 1896 sees three economic slumps and two recoveries, said to be due to imported foodstuffs from US depressing Britain's agricultural business
- 1872: USA - Levi Strauss discovered rugged trousers for miners made out of sturdy brown canvas. Once this resource was exhausted, he turned to denim, which he dyed blue to become what is known now as blue jeans
- 1872: CA - The Dominion Lands Act provides land to settlers for only a small fee
- 1872: CA - The Manitoba Free Press is first published
- 1872: CA - A British Columbia law bans all Asian and First Nations peoples from voting.
- 1872: CA - Elijah McCoy, born in Colchester, Ontario, invents the first of his many devices to oil engines used on trains and in factories.
- 1872: CA - The new Patent Act encourages import or licensing of technology and foreign patents by allowing legal use of patent in Canada if not registered in Canada within two years.
- 1872: CA - An award of arbitration sets the final boundary between Canada and the United States in the Gulf of Georgia and the Strait of Juan de Fuca, ending the San Juan boundary dispute.
- 31 Mar 1872: CA - The first issue of the Toronto Mail, which would later be merged into the Globe and Mail, is published
- 15 May 1872: CA - In the first nationwide labour protest, marchers across the land press for the nine-hour workday.
- 22 Jun 1872: CA - A Grand Trunk Railway express passenger train from Toronto to Montreal derails near Shannonville, Ontario, killing 34.
- 25 Jun 1872: CA - Frederick Temple Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Earl of Dufferin becomes Governor General of Canada
- 15 Oct 1872: CA - The Canadian Pacific Railway Company is formed
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| 30 | 1873 | - 1873: UK - William Gladstone's government resigns after the defeat of their Irish Universities Bill. Benjamin Disraeli declines to take up office instead
- 1873: UK - Parmalee invents automatic fire sprinklers
- 1873: UK - Joseph Glidden invents barbed wire.
- 1873: UK - The Great Depression lasts until 1896
- 1873: NL - Atjeh oorlog. Op 8 april landt het Koninklijk Nederlands Indisch Leger op de kust van Sumatra.
- 1 Apr 1873: CA - The SS Atlantic is wrecked off Peggys Cove
- 23 May 1873: CA - North-West Mounted Police are founded to police the Northwest Territories, which then included the region today of Alberta and Saskatchewan
- 1 Jul 1873: CA - Prince Edward Island joins the Canadian Confederation.
- 25 Aug 1873: CA - A cyclone hits Cape Breton Island killing 500 and causing much damage
- 8 Nov 1873: CA - Winnipeg incorporated as a city
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| 31 | 1874 | - 1874: UK - Benjamin Disraeli becomes Conservative Prime Minister for the second time
- 1874: USA - American, C. Goodyear, Jr. invents the shoe welt stitcher.
- 1874: CA - Anabaptists (Russian Mennonites) start to arrive in Manitoba from various Russian colonies.
- 1874: NL - Kinderwet van Samuel van Houten. Arbeid door kinderen onder de 12 jaar wordt verboden.
- 26 Jul 1874: CA - Alexander Graham Bell discloses the invention of the telephone to his father at the family home on the outskirts of Brantford, Ontario.
- 1 Oct 1874: CA - The North-West Mounted Police base at Fort Macleod is founded
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| 32 | 1875 | - 1875: UK - Benjamin Disraeli purchases a controlling interest for Britain in the Suez Canal.
- 1875: UK - Parliament passes R.A. Cross's Conservative social reforms
- 1875: UK - Collapse of British agriculture due to cheap grain from US, wheat acreage falls by nearly a million acres
- 1875: CA - Jennifer Trout becomes the first woman licensed to practise medicine in Canada, although Emily Stowe has been doing so without a licence in Toronto since 1867
- 1875: CA - Grace Lockhart receives from Mount Allison University the first Bachelor of Arts degree awarded to a woman.
- 1875: CA - Hospital for Sick Children founded.
- 14 Jan 1875: CA - The Halifax Herald is first published
- 5 Apr 1875: CA - The Supreme Court of Canada is created
- 1 Jun 1875: CA - Construction begins on the Canadian Pacific Railway
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| 33 | 1876 | - 1876: USA - Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone.
- 1876: Germany - Nikolas August Otto designed the first four-stroke piston engine
- 1876: UK - Queen Victoria becomes Empress of India.
- 1876: Bulgaria - The massacre of Christians in Turkish Bulgaria leads to anti-Turkish campaigns in Britain, led by William Gladstone
- 1876: UK - Melville Bissell patents the carpet sweeper.
- 1876: CA - The Indian Act defines the special status and land regulations of Aboriginal peoples in Canada who live on reserves; they have no vote in Canadian elections and are exempt from taxes
- 1876: CA - The Toronto Women's Literary Club is founded as a front for the suffrage movement
- 1876: NL - Mata Hari wordt op 7 augustus in Leeuwarden geboren als Margaretha Geertruida Zelle.
- 1 Jul 1876: CA - The Intercolonial Railway connecting central Canada to the Maritimes is completed
- 10 Aug 1876: CA - The world's first long-distance phone call connects the Bell residence with a shoe and boot store in nearby Paris, Ontario.
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| 34 | 1877 | - 1877: South Africa - Confederation of British and Boer states established
- 1877: USA - Rutherford Hayes president of the USA 1877-1881.
- 1877: USA - Thomas Edison invents the cylinder phonograph or tin foil phonograph.
- 1877: UK - Eadweard Muybridge invents the first moving pictures.
- 1877: CA - Charles Alphonse Pantaléon Pelletier appointed Minister of Agriculture and called to the Senate of Canada
- 1877: CA - Manzo Nagano was the first official Japanese immigrant into Canada
- 1877: CA - Refugee Lakota enter Canada near the end of the Great Sioux War
- 28 Feb 1877: CA - University of Manitoba founded
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| 35 | 1878 | - 1878: Berlin, Germany - The Congress of Berlin is held. Benjamin Disraeli announces peace with honour
- 1878: CA - Anti-Chinese sentiment in British Columbia reaches a high point as the government bans Chinese workers from public works.
- 7 Mar 1878: CA - Both the Université de Montréal and the University of Western Ontario are incorporated
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| 36 | 1879 | |
| 37 | 1880 | - 1880: UK - William Gladstone establishes his second Liberal government
- 1880: South Africa - The first Anglo-Boer War begins
- 1880: UK - British forests now decimated except for bits of the New Forest and the Forest of Dean.
- 1880: UK - Number of agricultural labourers reduced by about 100,000 in last 10 years
- 1880: UK - Englishman John Milne invents the modern seismograph.
- 1880: UK - The British Perforated Paper Company invents a form of toilet paper.
- 1880: NL - Geboorte van prinses Wilhelmina.
- 1880: NL - Grote veenbranden teisteren de Zuidoost hoek van Drenthe. Vooral Nieuw Weerdinge wordt zwaar getroffen.
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| 38 | 1881 | - 1881: London, UK - Savoy Theatre introduces electric lighting
- 1881: London, UK - Parliament passes the Irish Land Act and the Coercion Act
- 1881: USA - Death of Billy the Kid
- 1881: USA - James Garfield president of the USA 1881. Garfield was wounded by an assassin's bullet on 3 Jul 1881 and dies 19 Sep 1881.
- 1881: UK - David Houston patents the roll film for cameras.
- 1881: USA - Alexander Graham Bell invents the first crude metal detector.
- 1881: UK - Edward Leveaux patents the automatic player piano.
- 1881: CA - Manitoba's boundaries are extended north, east and west. Ontario disputes the eastward extension.
- 1881: NL - Assen wordt aangewezen als garnizoensstad.
- 17 Jan 1881: CA - The Interprovincial Bridge connecting Ottawa to Hull, Quebec, opens
- 16 Feb 1881: CA - The Canadian Pacific Railway is incorporated
- 4 Apr 1881: CA - The 1881 census finds Canada's population to be 4,324,810
- 24 May 1881: CA - The overloaded Victoria steamer capsizes on the Thames River near London, Ontario, killing 182 people.
- 19 Sep 1881: USA - Chester A. Arthur president of the USA 1881-1885. Vice president under James Garfield, he is sworn in as president upon the death of Garfield.
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| 39 | 1882 | - 1882: Europe - A triple alliance is established between Germany, Austria and Italy
- 1882: USA - Standard Oil controls 95% of oil refining capacity
- 1882: UK - Stillwell invents brown paper bag
- 1882: Egypt - Revolt leading to British occupation
- 1882: CA - John Ware, a Texas cowboy, moves to Alberta. He introduces longhorn cattle into Canada and pioneers the development of rodeo.
- 17 May 1882: CA - Provisional districts of the North-West Territories are established between Manitoba and British Columbia: the districts of Assiniboia, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and Athabaska
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